Praxis Early Childhood Education 5025 Study Questions and Expert Solutions

Phonics involves teaching children to connect sounds with letters/groups of letters. Ex.: (K) can be represented by C, K, or CH spellings. Phonemic Awareness An exclusively oral language activity; refers to the understanding that spoken words are made up of individual sounds called phonemes. Instruction in phonemic awareness should be viewed as an important element of a balanced reading program in the early elementary grades. Learning Approach the theory that language acquisition follows the basic laws of reinforcement and conditioning i.e. memorize the rules Linguistic Approach based on letter-sound correspondence Socio-cognitive Approach A language acquisition theory that states that the different aspects of linguistic, cognitive, and social knowledge are interactive elements of total human development. 5 Basic Types of Phonemic Awareness 1. Ability to hear rhymes and alliteration. (ex: kids listens to poem, identifies rhyme words, teacher records words on chart.) 2. Ability to do oddity tasks (ex: recognize number of a set that is different.) 3. Ability to orally blend words and split syllables. 4. Ability to orally segment words (ex: ability to count sounds in a word - "hamburger = ham-bur-ger = 3 sounds) 5. Ability to do phonics manipulation tasks (ex: replace the "r" sound in rose with a "p" sound = pose.) Morphology Refers to its rules for word formation. Are the smallest combination of sounds that have a meaning. Prepositions, prefixes, suffixes, and whole words. Semantics Meaning of words and sentences Syntax Language rules that govern how words can be combined to form meaningful phrases and sentences