Praxis 5622 Questions With 100% Solved Solutions!!

schema - Answer-an organized pattern of thought, mental file cabinet familiar information that matches new information Lev Vygotsky - Answer-constructivist theorist, learning is interactive children will learn from one another MKO's - Answer-Vygotsky's term, more knowledgeable others Zone of Proximal Development - Answer-space between independence in a skill and needing help to finish a task Constructivist Theorists - Answer-Lev Vygotsky Jean Piaget John Dewey John Dewey - Answer-learn by doing and learn skills that will be useful in life Jean Piaget - Answer-foundational theorist behind cognitive development knowledge is constructed through 4 developmental stages metacognition - Answer-when a person is aware of how she learns Piaget's four developmental stages - Answer-sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, formal operational sensorimotor stage - Answer-Piaget's first stage birth to age 2 learning through simple motor and sensory responsepre-operational stage - Answer-Piaget's second stage ages 2-7 egocentric, cannot see things from other people's point of view concrete operational stage - Answer-Piaget's third stage ages 7-11 ability to think logically about situations formal operational stage - Answer-Piaget's fourth stage ages 12- adulthood think in abstract and use deductive reasoning inductive logic - Answer-ability to generalize a specific experience into a more general category deductive reasoning - Answer-ability to take a general idea and use the hypothetical to make an educated guess about the outcome Kohlberg - Answer-extended Piaget's theory broke down Piaget's work into sub-stages pre-conventional morality - Answer-first level of Kohlberg's theory sub-stages: 1) obedience and punishment follow the rules to avoid punishment 2) individualism and exchange see different points of view conventional morality - Answer-second level of Kohlberg's theory sub-stages: 1) interpersonal relationship stage focus on what society expects of him 2) maintaining social order thinking about societypost-conventional morality - Answer-third level of Kohlberg's theory substages 1) social contract and individual rights different people have different beliefs/opinions 2) universal principals society has rules but also have created their own set of rules Jerome Bruner - Answer-cognitive theorist, agreed with Vygotsky new ideas are constructed from familiar ones or background schema teacher is to meet a child where he is and facilitate him to next phase Benjamin Bloom - Answer-taxonomy to categorize cognitive understanding each level represents a skill level and understanding revised Bloom's taxonomy - Answer-remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, creating Albert Bandura - Answer-social learning theory four ways to learn, from one another, through observation, through imitation, through modeling self-efficiacy theory self-efficiacy - Answer-a person's perception of his capabilities is a form of positive thinking that involves a person believing he can accomplish certain goals