NAFC Nutrition Certification Complete Assignment With Advanced Answers.

What is Proteomics? Why is it important? - correct answer the study of the composition, structure, functions and interactions of the proteins directing the activities of each living cell. It is important is because proteins make up virtually everything and direct the activity of cells. Why are proteins essential in animals' diets? - correct answer they cannot synthesize all of the amino acids needed and must obtain essential amino acids from food. What are essential amino acids? - correct answer amino acids that cannot be synthesized by an organism and must be obtained through diet. What is arguably the most important function of cells? - correct answer the production of the thousands of different proteins the body needs to function. One of the key functions of some of the cellular proteins involves what? - correct answer transport of nutrients and other materials in out of the cell. What is a cell and why is it important? - correct answer the basic structural, functional and biological unit of all known living organisms. The smallest unit of life that can replicate independently. Building blocks of life Major components of a cell - correct answer Memebranous: Endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, mitochondria Non Membranous: cytoskelaton, microvilli, centrioles, cilia, ribosomes, proteasomes Tenets of cell theory - correct answer cells are the building blocks of all plants and animals all cells are produced by the division of pre-existing cells Cells are the smallest units that perform all vital physiological functions Each cell maintains homeostasis Homeostasis at higher levels, reflects combined, coordinated action of many cells What are the different structural levels of proteins? - correct answer Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary What are enzymes and why are they important? - correct answer The best known role of protein inside the cell. They serve as a catalyst for chemical reactions. They are highly specific and accelerate chemical reactions in metabolism and DNA manipulation. By what different mechanisms do nutrients get into cells? - correct answer Diffusion, osmosis, filtration, facilitated diffusion, primary and secondary active transport, endocytosis, exocytosis What is the GI's system's primary role and why is it important? - correct answer This system's role is the absorption of nutrients in food and the consumption of food is the most abundant source of energy for the body. What is the primary function of the circulatory system? - correct answer Circulation of oxygen throughout the body including the GI tract which is the powerhouse of energy absorption. What role does the respiratory system play in nutrition? - correct answer supplies oxygen to the circulatory system. What role does the lymphatic system play in nutrition? - correct answer supports elimination of waste products in the body. What role does the endocrine system play in nutrition? - correct answer Regulation of hunger appetite & digestion Entry of nutrients into cells (insulin) Mobilization of energy (glucagon, Lipase, Gh-growth Hormone, cortisol) Anabolic (muscle building or healing) Catabolic (muscle breakdown) What is the most important nutrient and why? - correct answer Oxygen. Oxygen is NOT stored in the body and must be continuously supplied by respiration. Oxygen deprivation is the at-root cause of all cancer. What is the second most important nutrient, why? - correct answer Water, the body is composed of 60-80% water Name 6 functions of water in the body - correct answer -primary component of cells, tissues, & organs -primary transport media for all substances within the body -helps to maintain pH, Body temp, metabolism, respiration, circulation, excretion & neurological functions - serves as a lubricant -forms the fluids surrounding joints -serves as base for saliva Do most people get enough water on a regular basis? How can you tell? - correct answer no, the first symptoms are fatigue, fluid retention, constipation, dry skin, dark urine, light-headedness (especially when standing from sitting), dry mouth, chills, hunger What are carbohydrates? - correct answer this macronutrient is the best source of energy for the body Name 5 healthy sources of carbs - correct answer fresh fruit, vegetables, oats, wild rice, quinoa What are proteins? - correct answer this macronutrient is the second most plentiful compound that makes up our body. It serves as the building blocks for most tissues. It is the material that comprises enzymes. Name 5 healthy sources of protein - correct answer spirulina, wild caught fish, eggs, peas, quinoa, almonds, free range chicken What are fats? - correct answer this macronutrient is responsible for storing energy in the body, it also makes up many membranes and insulates organs. Name 5 healthy sources of fats - correct answer avocado, walnuts, almonds, pistachios, olives, olive oil What are the primary functions of vitamins? - correct answer These micronutrients cannot be produced by the body either at all or in sufficient quantities. Failure to absorb , ingest, or assimilate these nutrients results in malfunction of metabolic pathways, creating a disease state. Name 5 vitamins and their functions - correct answer A : Vision/ corneal health, D: bone growth, nervous system, E: immune & cardiovascular health, B1: energy metabolism, B12: cell renewal What are the primary functions of minerals? - correct answer these micronutrients maintain proper balance of water in the body, bone health, stabilization of protein structures, oxygen transport, enzyme formation. Name 5 minerals and their functions - correct answer sodium, chloride & potassium maintain proper balance of water in the body, Iron transports O2 throughout the body, Zinc helps blood to clot, Copper helps to form enzymes What are the primary functions of enzymes? - correct answer these serve as catalysts for many chemical reactions in the body. They are present in raw foods & heat liable. 3 main types : digestive, metabolic, & food Why are enzymes important? - correct answer Without these, chemical reactions would take much longer, and life would not be possible. What are phytonutrients? - correct answer little is understood about these antioxidants, stimulators of detox enzymes, stimulators/modulators of the immune system, modulators of hormones, antimicrobials, gene activators Why are phytonutrients important? - correct answer these colorful compounds in fresh fruits and vegetables have health benefiting effects that reach far beyond what is currently understood. They protect and stimulate the immune system as well as promote healing. What is the caloric value of a gram of carbohydrate? - correct answer 4 calories What is the caloric value of a gram of protein? - correct answer 4 calories What is the caloric value of a gram of fat? - correct answer 9 calories What is the caloric value of a gram of alcohol? - correct answer 7 calories What is bio-individuality? - correct answer refers to the significant differences in anatomical and physiological parameters from one person to the next.