Buttaro Chapter 116 Cardiac Questions& Answers [100% verified]

Buttaro Chapter 116 Cardiac Questions& Answers [100% verified] How do you properly assess coronary artery disease (CAD)? *Ans* hx and physical exam (PMH of MI or CAD and present complaint of angina, radiating pain, N/T in conjunction with fam hx of CAD), ECG and laboratory biomarker testing What procedure is indicated for ECG and biomarkers indicative of an acute MI? *Ans* cardiac catheterization What is the MOST COMMON and LEAST invasive test for diagnosing CAD? *Ans* Stress test, also known as exercise tolerance test or treadmill test Provide a brief patho of CAD. *Ans* coronary arteries NARROWED due to atherosclerotic plaque formation, plaque rupture, or spasm. Causes HYPOPERFUSION of myocardium resulting in diastolic, then systolic dysfunction, and CHEST PAIN. When do ECG changes of ischemia occur? *Ans* last in the ischemic cascade (t-wave and ST-segment changes) What process has been linked to early development of atherosclerosis? *Ans* inflammation What kind of exercises do you perform in a stress test or ETT? *Ans* incremental exercises What non-invasive markers diagnosis SUBCLINICAL CAD? *Ans* C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and monocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor What is a precursor for atheroGENESIS to begin? *Ans* injury OR insult to the vascular endothelium What does the American College of Cardiology (ACC) have to say about noninvasive testing and markers for ASYMPTOMATIC CAD? *Ans* 1) Use of a global assessment, such as the Framingham score, to ascertain risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). 2) CRP can be used in asymptomatic men >50 YO and women >60 YO with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <160 [ 1) determines if statin therapy is indicated and 2) assesses risk of CVD in intermediate-risk pts] 3) Ankle-bracelet index assessment used for intermediate-risk pts to deter