Essentials MEAS 242 Final Study Guide

Essentials MEAS 242 Final Study Guide The primary function(s) of the pulmonary system is(are) ventilation and respiration. The maintenance of the acid-base balance of the blood is linked to the function of the lungs and the kidneys. The common cold is a group of minor illnesses caused by almost 200 viruses or from mycoplasma. The treatment of sinusitis may include antibiotics, decongestants, and antihistamines, allergy testing, immunotherapy, and corticosteroids, and sinusotomy. A crooked nasal septum or deviated septum can cause compromise of the air passage, increased tendency to sinusitis, and cosmetic concern. Growths that form from distended mucous membranes protruding into the nasal cavity are called nasal polyps. Causes of epistaxis are direct trauma or foreign body, hypertension or other systemic disorders, hemophilia and leukemia. The common symptom of a tumor of the larynx is dysphonia. Of primary importance in the diagnosis of hemoptysis is determining the source of the bleeding. Atelectasis, an airless or collapsed state of pulmonary tissue, may result from obstruction in the bronchial tree, prolonged inactivity, and failure to deep breathe postoperatively. Stasis of blood flow from immobility, injury to a vessel, or predisposition to clot formation increase the risk of pulmonary embolism. The pneumonia-like disease caused by bacteria that thrive in warm aquatic environments and are inhaled from moisture droplets in air conditioning units is called Legionella infection. _____ is a fungal disease originating in the lungs, with the greatest occurrence in the midwestern United States. Histoplasmosis An area of contained infectious material in the lung is known as pulmonary abscess A double fracture of three or more adjacent ribs resulting in instability in the chest wall describes a patient with flail chest. A pulsating mass that is noted mid-abdomen indicates aortic aneurysm A vasospastic disease of the fingers, hands, or feet resulting in pain, numbness, and sometimes discoloration is Raynaud's disease. The condition in which a reduction in the quantity of either red blood cells or hemoglobin exists is anemia. The condition that results in painless gross swelling of an extremity is lymphedema. Painless enlargement of the lymph nodes, severe itching, fever, night sweats, weight loss, fatigue, and malaise are symptoms of Hodgkin's disease _____ is a hereditary bleeding disease resulting from a deficiency of clotting factors. Hemophilia Treatment of congestive heart failure includes medication to slow and strengthen the heartbeat, administration of diuretics, and digitalis. The patient experiencing crushing chest pain, dyspnea, diaphoresis, and anxiety usually is suffering from myocardial infarction Noninflammatory disease of the heart muscle with enlargement of the myocardium and ventricular dysfunction refers to cardiomyopathy. The chronic hereditary form of anemia found predominately in the black race is called sickle cell anemia. Joint and bone pain, fever, weight loss, fatigue, weakness, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and enlarged lymph glands are typical symptoms of leukemia The presence of Reed-Sternberg cells in lymphatic tissue is diagnostic of Hodgkin's disease. Interference with the conduction system of the heart may be the source of cardiac arrhythmias Medical intervention for varicose veins includes rest and elevation of the legs, exercise, warm soaks, and support stockings, surgical intervention or injection of a sclerosing agent into the vein. Symptoms of cardiovascular disease include chest pain, fatigue, and fainting, rapid heart beat and palpitations, cyanosis, edema, and dyspnea. Common symptoms of a myocardial infarction are left-sided, crushing-type chest pain, irregular heartbeat, dyspnea, and excessive sweating, nausea, anxiety, and denial. Proper function of the urinary system is frequently evaluated by urinalysis and blood tests. The urinary system is responsible for cleansing the blood of waste products, regulating the normal balance of water and electrolytes, storing and excreting urine. The disease that encompasses a group of symptoms referred to as the protein-losing kidney is nephrotic syndrome