CESSWI, Part 1 questions with correct answers

1. Erosion: process in which, by the actions of wind and/or water, soil particles detached and transported 2. Sediment: eroded material suspended in wind or water 3. Sedimentation: deposition of eroded material 4. Types of Erosion: splash sheet rill gully channel 5. Splash erosion: raindrop impact energy is enough to dislodge surface sediments 6. sheet erosion: caused by rain splash detaching soil particles lifting them up and removing them by shallow "sheets" of water flowing down the sloped soil surface 7. Rill Erosion: as flow concentrates, small channels begin to form in the soil surface 8. Gully Erosion: Formed when runoff cuts rills deeper and wider or when flows from several rills come together and form a large channels 9. Channel Erosion: may become unstable due to increased flows or changes in upstream sediment load 10. Natural erosion: generally considered due to the influences of climate on the surface of the earth 11. Accelerated erosion: natural erosion plus human activities 12. What problems can accelerated erosion cause?: Unrestricted development removal of surface cover increased imperviousness poor stewardship 13. Problems associated with construction related erosion: problems for down slope property owners nuisance problems on streets clog streams and storm drains increased turbidity downstream cover sensitive habitat with sediment 14. Identify instream damages of sediment: destruction of spawning areas, food sources, habitat direct toxicity to wildlife lake degradation filling of navigation channels impacts to commercial fisheries reduction of water storage capacities 15. Suspended material: sediment can affect light penetration, channel stability, fisheries and habitat 16. Name Off stream damages: Increased flood hazards increased water treatment costs decreased capacity in conveyance facilities higher infrastructure maintenance costs