Anatomy and Physiology Final, study Guide

Anatomy and Physiology Final, study Guide Chapter 1 Anterior- Front Lateral- to the side Superior- toward the head Medial- toward the midline Proximal- Closest to the trunk Superficial- Closest to the surface Posterior- Back, behind - Superficial Medial Proximal Posterior Anterior Lateral Superior A. Back, Behind B. Closest to the trunk C. Closest to the surface E. Toward the head F. To the side G. Front D. Toward the midline Chapter 5 Integumentary System- Separates the external and internal environment. The Skin. 20 lbs Skeletal System- Supports, Protects, moves the body, stores minerals. Muscular System- Powers and directs the movement. Stabilizes and maintains posture. Generate heat Nervous System- Regulatory system of external environment. Senses changes integrates info and sends signals to Effectors Endocrine System- Regulates the internal environment by secreting hormones that travel the bloodstream. Cardiovascular System- transports nutrients, water, oxygen, hormones, waste, and other materials Female reproductive system- site of fertilization and early offspring development Respiratory System- Exchange O2 and CO2 between internal and external environment Digestive System- Breaks apart nutrients from the external environment and absorbs them into the internal environment Urinary System- Adjusts internal environment by excreting excess water, salt, wastes, acids and other substances Male Reproductive System- Insures the survival of species rather than the individual. Include testes and sperm. Skeletal A. Gives the movement, mineral storage, and support Muscular B. Site of fertilization and offspring development Integumentary C.Transport nutrients, O2, H2O, hormones and waste Nervous D. Exchange o2 and CO2 between internal and external Endocrine E. Adjust internal env. By excreting excess h2O & salt Cardiovascular F. Breaks apart nutrients from external env. Female Reproductive G. Senses changes and regulates Digestive H.Separates the internal and external env. Urinary I. Powers and directs movement. Generates heat Male Reproductive J. Insures the survival of the species Respiratory K. Regulates the internal and external env. by secreting hormones that travel the bloodstream Chapter 7 Femur- thigh bone Humerus- Arm bone Ulna-Bone on the little finger side of the forearm Fibula- Long slender bone of lateral side of the leg- non weight bearing Zygomatic bone- Cheekbone that helps form orbit Mandible- Lower jaw bone articulates with temporal bone at condyloid process, only bone of skull that moves freely. Carpals- short bones at the upper end of wrist, anatomical wrist Metatarsals- form part of the foot to which the toes are attached Patella- Knee cap, large sesamoid bone Ribs- 12 pairs of ribs, attached posteriorly to a thoracic vertebrae Phalanges- Toe bones, three in each of the smaller toes and two in the big toes Sternum- Breastbone, shaped like a dagger, bottom- xiphoid process and top- manubrium Stapes- Ear bone- means “stirrup” shape of bone. Femur A.Thigh bone Humerus B. Bone in ear, shaped like stirrup Stapes C. Bone on the little finger side of arm Sternum D. Breastbone, shaped like dagger Ribs E. Attached to thoracic vertebrae Ulna F. Bones of wrist Fibula G. Bones of foot Phalanges H. Lower Jawbone Zygomatic Bone I. Knee Patella J. Upper arm bone Mandible K. Toes Carpals L. Cheek bone Metatarsals M. Non-weight bearing leg bone. Chapter 8 Flexion- to pull in, flex your bicep Extension- to extend your arm Abduction- move your arm out like a bird Adduction- Move your arm to your body Supination- open your hand out- palm up Pronation- palm face down Dorsiflexion- Toe Up Plantar flexion- Toe Down Inversion- Outside of foot down. Eversion- Little toe up Eversion A. Toe up Flexion B. Toe down Extension C. Outside of foot down Inversion D. Palm face down Abduction E. Flex your bicep Plantar Flexion F. Extend your arm Adduction G. Palm up Dorsiflexion H. Move your to body Supination I. Move your arm out, away from body Pronation J. Little toe up Chapter 10 Tympanic Membrane- a partition between the external and middle ear Malleus- hammer, ear ossicle, middle ear