LCAS - NC exam study guide fully solved & verified for accuracy 2024

Methadone the only long-acting full opioid agonist approved for treatment, at this time. It provides a range of effects similar to those of short-acting opitates like Heroin and Morphine, surpressing withdrawal symptoms and avoiding cravings as the opioid is eliminated from the body. Dose needed for cross-tolerance depends on client's level of tolerance for the drug(s). Trauma-informed treatments This treatment approach should minimize the risk of re-traumatization or replicating prior trauma dynamics. Ex: Clients may express feelings of powerlessness or being trapped if they are not active involved in treatment decisions or if providers mirror specific behaviors/dynamics from client's past traumatic experiences. Screening The first two steps in in this process are to determine whether the client as a history of trauma and whether he/she has trauma related symptoms. Screening Often the first contact between client and treatment providers, this interaction can set the tone of treatment and being the relationship with the client. Assessment When a client screens positive for substance abuse, trauma-related symptoms, or mental health disorders, the counselor should follow up with a comprehensive _______________________ Assessment This process should reoccur throughout treatment, to provide valuable information and details as client's trust in staff members grow and progress occurs. CBT Most PTSD and SA models involve ________________ that integrates cognitive and behavioral theories by incorporation two ideas: that thoughts mediate between situational demands and one's attempts to effective respond and that behavioral change influences acceptance of altered cognition about oneself or a situation and establishment of newly learned patterns Cognitive Processing Therapy a manualized 12-session treatment approach which can be administered in group or individual practice, which involves Exposure Therapy. Exposure Therapy This type of therapy asks clients to directly describe and explore trauma-related memories, objects, emotions, or places. Intense emotions are evoked, but decrease, desensitizing clients through repeated encounters with traumatic material. Experimental and Social Use of Drugs and Alcohol (stage 1) occasional - perhaps a few times monthly, usually on weekends or at parties with friends. May use when alone. Little to no behavioral changes, occasional, moderate hangover. Abuse of Drugs and Alcohol (stage 2) regular use - up to several times a week. may begin use during the day. may be using along rather than with friends. There are behavioral indicators in this phase of addiction, such as a decrease in activities, declined in school or work performance, and greater interest in use. May use to manipulate emotions in this phase. May sell drugs or keep supply for personal use. Dependency/Addiction Phase (Stage 3) daily use, continuous. will take serious risks to obtain drugs/alcohol, potentially including criminal behavior. Drugs/Alcohol help client to feel normal. Behavioral indicators can include changes in weight, health issues, poor appearance, memory loss, volatile mood swings, employment loss, possible overdoses, lack of concern about being caught. Chronic relapsing disorder in his phase. Alcohol The most widely used and accepted drug, past and present. A depressant, similar to the anesthetic drug ether. The only non-medical drug taken "only" orally. It slows heart rate and slows breathing. It depresses the brain. This is the only drug with which a large number of those who use it do not become physically dependent on it. An estimated 10% of those who use it become dependent. Other Sedative-Hynotics sedative and hypnotic agents which are non-barbiturate or non-benzodiazepines, including Quaaludes, Ambien (Zolpidem), and Lunesta (Eszopiclone). Narcotics or Opiates/Opioids Drugs that cause sedation and euphoria by causing depression of the central nervous system. Narcotics or Opiates/Opioids Used medically to relieve pain, suppress cough and control diarrhea, as well as some anxiety relief. Narcotics or Opiates/Opioids Overdose can cause death by respiratory depression Semi-synthetic Opiates Hydromorphone (Dilaudid), Oxycodone, Heroin Synthetic Narcotics Demerol, Methadone, Buprenorphine, Propoxyphene (Darvone) Pentazocine (Talwin), OxyContin Opiate Agonist These drugs can be substituted for the drug of abuse to provide a more controllable form of addiction. Using them alleviates many withdrawal symptoms. It acts similarly to opiates, and bonds with an opiate receptor to trick the brain and take the place of an opiate. Substitution Therapy. Ex. Methadone, Clonidine. Opiate Antagonist A drug which occupies the same space in the receptor, but does not produce the same effects. This type of drug blocks the opiate receptor so that it blocks the effects of opiates. Non-addictive. Example. Naltrexone (Revia, Vivitrol), Naloxone, and Buprenorphine is a partial agonist can act as both agonist and antagonist Inhalant Solvents, aerosols, gases, and nitrates which can act as Central Nervous System depressants. Can create similar effect to alcohol intoxication. Can cause physical and psychological dependence. Risk of immediate death. OTC so tend to be abused by adolescent population. Marijuana Most frequently used illicit drug in the United States. THC potency has increased dramatically since the early 1960s. Depressant stimulant, analgesic, and sometimes hallucinogenic effect. 4-10 times the tar and carcinogens than found in cigarettes. Can cause physical and psychological dependency. The buds of the female plant contain the highest concentration of THC. Cannabis Sativa Marijuana is derived from the hemp plan called this Cannabinoids Chemical compounds found only in marijuana are referred to as _____________. The primary one being THC. Hallucinogens/Psychodelics This class of drug alters mood, thought, and perception, cause CNS depression and, at times, stimulation. No physical dependence, but can cause a psychological dependence. In large quantities, can be fatal. LSD and PCP the only hallucinogens which are not naturally occurring. Naturally occurring hallucinogens Mushrooms, Peyote, Morning Glory Seeds, Nightshade, DMT, Nutmeg and Mace LSD One of the most potent drugs and one of the few which can be absorbed directly through the skin. PCP (phencyclidine) A dis-associative anesthetic, which causes stimulation, depression, analgesia and hallucinations. Can cause death by overdose. Unpredictable length of effect. May illicit drugs on the streets are actually this.