WGU Pathophysiology D236
Describe how your body responds to an infection. - ANST cells produce cytokines, which
stimulate B cells. B cells produce antibodies.
Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities. - ANSMutations in genes or
chromosomal abnormalities
How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities? - ANSAlterations of DNA
Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect wellbeing. - ANS(ex)
Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias.
Explain RAAS - ANSRenin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin
> produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II > vasoconstriction >
release aldosterone > kidneys conserve sodium and water > Result less water lost in urine
and blood pressure maintained.
DKA - ANSincreased anion gap, decreased HCO3
How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis - ANSretain H and excrete HCO3
Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte? - ANSPotassium
West Nile Virus - ANSTransmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Severe signs
and symptoms; high fever, headache and stiff neck
Lyme disease - ANSTick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
Erythema infectiosum - ANSa febrile upper respiratory illness in a child followed by the
sudden appearance of red, flushed cheeks, "fifth disease"
Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with _____. - ANSSpina bifida
Trousseau's sign - ANSarm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia
Cause and sign of spina bifida - ANSresults from failure of neural tube to close. sign - fluid
filled sac on lower back.
hemophilia is more common in - ANSmales
Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes - ANSND-PAE, decreased brain function, FAS
Connective vs muscle tissue disorders - ANSConnective- RA, Scleroderma, Lupus
, Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia
Describe Lupus - ANSInflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain and butterfly rash
Describe Myasthenia Gravis - ANSIt is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies attack own
Ach receptors. This causes weakness of skeletal muscles over the course of the day, along
with ptosis, double vision, and difficulty swallowing.
dermatitis - ANSinflammation of the skin
eczema - ANSnoninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters,
scabs, and itching
decubitus ulcer - ANSsore caused by lying down for long periods of time
Fungal infections - ANSsuperficial, localized skin conditions or deep tissue infections caused
by exposure to spores
may or may not be transmitted
benign neoplasm - ANSnoncancerous growths, stationary, distinct borders
malignant neoplasm - ANSuncontrolled new tissue growth, irregular borders, spreads
Osteoporosis - ANSThe loss of bone mass often due to age, causing the bones to become
porous, brittle, and easily fractured.
osteomalacia - ANSdisease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and vitamin
D deficiency
myoglobin - ANSred pigment that stores oxygen in muscle cells
Bursa - ANSfluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another
Rickets - ANSa vitamin D deficiency in children, resulting in soft bones
Degenerative disk disease - ANSA condition in which an intervertebral disk loses its normal
structural integrity as a result of wear and tear, acute or repeated injuries or aging
Paget disease - ANSChronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening of
bones, that can occur in any bone but most commonly affects the long bones of the legs, the
lower spine, the pelvis, and the skull
communiuted fracture - ANSsplintered into many pieces
Three types of skin cancer - ANS1. Basal cell carcinoma
2. Squamous cell carcinoma
3. Melanoma
Describe how your body responds to an infection. - ANST cells produce cytokines, which
stimulate B cells. B cells produce antibodies.
Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities. - ANSMutations in genes or
chromosomal abnormalities
How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities? - ANSAlterations of DNA
Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect wellbeing. - ANS(ex)
Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias.
Explain RAAS - ANSRenin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin
> produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II > vasoconstriction >
release aldosterone > kidneys conserve sodium and water > Result less water lost in urine
and blood pressure maintained.
DKA - ANSincreased anion gap, decreased HCO3
How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis - ANSretain H and excrete HCO3
Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte? - ANSPotassium
West Nile Virus - ANSTransmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Severe signs
and symptoms; high fever, headache and stiff neck
Lyme disease - ANSTick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
Erythema infectiosum - ANSa febrile upper respiratory illness in a child followed by the
sudden appearance of red, flushed cheeks, "fifth disease"
Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with _____. - ANSSpina bifida
Trousseau's sign - ANSarm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia
Cause and sign of spina bifida - ANSresults from failure of neural tube to close. sign - fluid
filled sac on lower back.
hemophilia is more common in - ANSmales
Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes - ANSND-PAE, decreased brain function, FAS
Connective vs muscle tissue disorders - ANSConnective- RA, Scleroderma, Lupus
, Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia
Describe Lupus - ANSInflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain and butterfly rash
Describe Myasthenia Gravis - ANSIt is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies attack own
Ach receptors. This causes weakness of skeletal muscles over the course of the day, along
with ptosis, double vision, and difficulty swallowing.
dermatitis - ANSinflammation of the skin
eczema - ANSnoninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters,
scabs, and itching
decubitus ulcer - ANSsore caused by lying down for long periods of time
Fungal infections - ANSsuperficial, localized skin conditions or deep tissue infections caused
by exposure to spores
may or may not be transmitted
benign neoplasm - ANSnoncancerous growths, stationary, distinct borders
malignant neoplasm - ANSuncontrolled new tissue growth, irregular borders, spreads
Osteoporosis - ANSThe loss of bone mass often due to age, causing the bones to become
porous, brittle, and easily fractured.
osteomalacia - ANSdisease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and vitamin
D deficiency
myoglobin - ANSred pigment that stores oxygen in muscle cells
Bursa - ANSfluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another
Rickets - ANSa vitamin D deficiency in children, resulting in soft bones
Degenerative disk disease - ANSA condition in which an intervertebral disk loses its normal
structural integrity as a result of wear and tear, acute or repeated injuries or aging
Paget disease - ANSChronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening of
bones, that can occur in any bone but most commonly affects the long bones of the legs, the
lower spine, the pelvis, and the skull
communiuted fracture - ANSsplintered into many pieces
Three types of skin cancer - ANS1. Basal cell carcinoma
2. Squamous cell carcinoma
3. Melanoma
