Earth Science Practice exam with complete solutions

What are the 4 layers of earth - Answer-Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core Where is the lithosphere located? - Answer-Upper mantle plus crust Where is the asthenosphere located? - Answer-Middle mantle What are the 3 types of boundaries? - Answer-Divergent, convergent, and tranform Warm air rises or sinks? - Answer-Rises How can heat be transferred? - Answer-from hot objects to cold objects in three ways; convection, conduction, and radiation Continental crust is made out of what? - Answer-Rocks such as granite Cool air rises or sinks? - Answer-Sinks What is Pangaea? - Answer-A single landmass that broke apart 250 million years ago Does density have an affect on whether convection currents form in liquids or gases? - Answer-Yes Why was Alfred were era hypothesis about plate tectonics rejected by other scientists? - Answer-He could not explain the forces that pull and push the continents apart What are mid ocean ridges? - Answer-Places where oceanic crust is pulled down at the trench Explain tranform boundary - Answer-Motion- Plates slide past each other Effect on crust- broken and cracked GF - earthquakes and faultsExplain convergent boundary - Answer-Motion- plates come together Effect on crust- subduction or mountain building GF- volcanoes p, mountains Explain divergent boundary - Answer-Motion- plates moves away from each other Effect of crust- Spreading ridges GF- mid ocean ridge, ocean floor Explain how density and temperature affects the convections currents of a liquid - Answer-Density and temperature effect convention currents because the temperature heats up the part of the liquid making the liquid less dense. Since the liquid is less dense it moves up and away from the warm temperature only to be cooled. Meanwhile the other cooler liquid takes the previous liquids place. The cold part of the liquid becoming more damage causing it to seek back down. The cycle repeats but using the other cooled liquid that took the other liquids place, causing a circular motion. Explain hose convection currents help shape earths landscape - Answer-Convection currents help shape Earths landscape because convection currents affect plate tectonics by moving the crust in the direction of the current. Those plate tectonics then make convergent, transform, or divergent boundaries which creates landscapes like mid-ocean ridges, ocean floor, volcanoes, faults, and mountains. Explain hose geographical features forms when tectonic plates moves + 3 examples - Answer-The geographical features form when plate tectonics move because they make convergent, divergent, and tranform boundaries. 1.) two continental crust plates collide making mountains 2.) two plates move apart creating mid-ocean ridges and ocean floor 3.) two plates slide past each other in opposite directions creating faults. What's does the theory of plate tectonics state? - Answer-Pieces of earths lithosphere are in slow constant motion, driven by the convection currents in the mantle