NBME CBSE ACTUAL TEST QUESTIONS & ANSWERS USMLE STEP 1 Pharmacology QUIZ BANK WITH ALL CORRECT ANSWERS (medical examination) Practice 50 cards

NBME CBSE ACTUAL TEST QUESTIONS & ANSWERS USMLE STEP 1 Pharmacology QUIZ BANK WITH ALL CORRECT ANSWERS (medical examination) Practice 50 cards What is Stevens-Johnson syndrome and which epilepsy drugs can cause it? - ANSWWER--SJ syndrome is a prodrome of malaise and fever followed by a rapid onset of erythematous/purpuric macules (oral, ocular, genital). Skin lesions progress to epidermal necrosis and sloughing -Drugs that can cause this horrific motha ****a: lamotragine, carbamazepine, phenytoin, ethosuximide (Stephen Johnson's LAMe CAR SUX PHENis) Drugs for simple seizure - ANSWWER-- Carbamazepine is 1st choice -All other epilepsy drugs can be used except for ethosuxamide and the benzodiazepines Drugs for tonic-clonic seizure - ANSWWER-- Carbamazepine, valproate, and phenytoin are 1st choice -Phenobarbital, lamotragine, topiramate, and levetiracetam can all be used 2nd line Drugs for absence seizures - ANSWWER-- Ethosuxamide is 1st line -Lamotragine and valproate may also be used Drugs for status epilepticus - ANSWWER-- Benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam) are first line for acute -Phenytoin is first line prophylaxis Barbiturates (drugs, mechanism, use, toxicity) - ANSWWER-Phenobarbital, pentobarbital, thiopental, secobarbital Sulfasalazine (mechanism, clinical use and toxicity) - ANSWWER--Mechanism: A combination of sulfapyridine (antibacterial) and 5-aminosalicylic acid (anti-inflammatory). Activated by colonic bacteria. -Use: Ulcerative colitis, Crohn disease (colitis component). -Toxicity: Malaise, nausea, sulfonamide toxicity, reversible oligospermia. Ondansetron (mechanism, clinical use and toxicity) - ANSWWER--Mechanism: 5-HT3 antagonist; decrease vagal stimulation. Powerful central-acting antiemetic. -Use: Control vomiting postoperatively and in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy. -Toxicity: Headache, constipation, QT interval prolongation. Metoclopramide (mechanism, clinical use and toxicity) - ANSWWER--Mechanism: D2 receptor antagonist. Increase resting tone, contractility, LES tone, motility. Does not influence colon transport time. -Use: Diabetic and postsurgery gastroparesis, antiemetic. -Toxicity: Increased parkinsonian effects, tardive dyskinesia. Restlessness, drowsiness, fatigue, depression, diarrhea. Drug interaction with digoxin and diabetic agents. Contraindicated in patients with small bowel obstruction or Parkinson disease (due to D1-receptor blockade). Orlistat (mechanism, clinical use and toxicity) - ANSWWER--Mechanism: Inhibits gastric and pancreatic lipase breakdown and absorption of dietary fats. -Use: Weight loss. -Toxicity: Steatorrhea, decreased absorption of fatsoluble vitamins. Tamoxifen (mechanism, use, toxicity) - ANSWWER-- Mechanism: antagonist at breast; agonist at bone, uterus; -Used to treat and prevent recurrence of ER/PR ⊕ breast cancer; -Increased risk of thromboembolic events and endometrial cancer (as opposed to raloxifine) Raloxifene (mechanism, use, toxicity) - ANSWWER- -Mechanism: antagonist at breast, uterus; agonist at bone; -Use: primarily to treat osteoporosis -Increased risk of thromboembolic events but no increased risk of endometrial cancer (vs. tamoxifen); What are the major functions of the M1 receptor? - ANSWWER-CNS, enteric nervous system