MDC 2 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALREADY PASSED

MDC 2 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALREADY PASSED Benign cells Normal cells growing in the wrong place or at the wrong time Benign Cell Features o Harmless o Do not usually require intervention o Slow growing o Tight Adherence o Specific morphology o Small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio o Specific differentiated functions o Tight adherence o Orderly growth o No migration o Normal chromosomes Benign cell looks similar to a healthy cell Examples of Benign cells o Skin Tag o Mole o Nasal Polyp o Uterine Fibroids o Endometriosis Malignant cells indicates cancer and can be harmful to normal body tissues and result in death Malignant cell features o Large nucleus o Migration o Doesn't stop and replicates (No contact inhibition) o Loose adherence o Rapid or continuous cell division o Loss of cellular regulation o Abnormal chromosomes (< or > 23) Seven warning signs of cancer o C-Change in bowel or bladder patterns o A-A sore that doesn't heal o U-Unusual bleeding or d/c o. T-Thickening or lump on breast or elsewhere o I-Indigestion or difficulty swallowing o O-Obvious change in wart or mole o N-Nagging cough or hoarseness Cancer development stages of malignancy o Initiation o Promotion o Progression o Metastasis Initiation (Stage of malignancy) Normal cells are damaged and irreversible Promotion Repeated exposure>Enhances growth of malignant cells Progression Increase in production of malignant cells Metastasis Cells move from primary site to the rest of the body Carcinogenesis/oncogenesis cancer development Cancer classification o Grading o Ploidy o Staging o TNM o Doubling time and mitotic index Grading Looking under microscope and determine