STSC 168 Exam I Questions With Verified Answers

Raymond Williams "Ideas of Nature" 1980 - Answer does nature include humans? to know nature was to know god nature and god became divided as a species we want to intervene and we desire nature is separate from man we do not know nature or appreciate its changing conditions William Cronon "The Trouble with Wilderness: Or, Getting Back to the Wrong Nature" 1996 - Answer honor the wild respect use and non-use acknowledge autonomy of the other ask if a part of nature we need to use can be used sustainably think of wilderness as right here and not out there home=wilderness+garden Jason Moore "The Rise of Cheap Nature" 2016 - Answer cheap nature: appropriation of frontier land and labor, unapid work/energy of all global natures within reach of capitalist power capitalism is a system of Cheap Nature currently end of the capitalocene, not the middle of the anthropocene -->capitalism has exhaused its cheap nature strategy, example are the 1% and the 99% to prove exhaustion Richard White "Are You an Environmentalist or Do You Work for a Living?: Work and Nature" 1995 - Answer distrust of people who work in heavy labor fields environmentalists should not segregate work from nature we have equated toil in the environment that used to be work as play environmentalists need to come to terms with modern work inherently proves the point that humans do not see themselve as part of nature or living in nature because they have to move into the "other" focusing on work and nature instead of nature and play can change perspective and create accountability capitalism (1833) - Answer possession of capital or wealth economic system in which private capital or wealth is used in the production or distribution of goods and prices are determined mainly in a free market dominance of private owners of capital and of production for profit anthropocene (2000) - Answer era of geological time during which human activity is considered to be the dominant influence on the environment, climate, and ecology of the earth nature - Answer phenomena of the physical world collectively; esp. plants, animals, features/products of the earth, as opposed to humans and human creations in a wider sense: the whole natural world, including human beings; the cosmos Crutzen on the anthropocene "Geology of Mankind" (2002) - Answer unless there is a catastrophe -meterorite, world war, or pandemic - mankind will remain a major environmental force for many millennia treading on terra incognita Martinez-Allier "Currents of Environmentalism" chapter "Environmentalism of the Poor" - Answer "cult of wilderness": concerned with preservation of wild Nature but without anything to say about industry "gospel of eco-efficiency": sustainable management or wise use of land, new tech EJ or environmentalism of the poor: conflicts over water use, other injustices environmentalists are seen as anti-nationalists, which unites these three, very vocal in the south Amy Hay "Recipe for Disaster: Motherhood and Citizenship at Love Canal" 2009 - Answer invoked motherhood, homes, families as basis of the state's response to the chemical disaster carried out through a traditional nuclear family pregnancy risks to justify relocation stayed true to traditional gender roles and did not try to argue with social justice premises men did need to share more of an emotional role in the family states indifference, the rage, and chemicals created a recipe for disaster environmental protection agency (1970) - Answer founded in 1970 "to protect human health and the environment" focus on all and equality in protection with federal laws isn't intrinsically partisan (Nixon administration started the EPA, Clean Air and Clean Water act) financial ability is a critical driver in environmental work specific, overall actions of EPA - Answer develop and enforce regulations give grants study environmental issues sponsor partnerships teach publish information specific actions EPA does NOT DO - Answer endangered species nuclear waste silent spring (1962) - Answer early 1960s Rachel Carson was a biologist, pop writer characterized by the media as a "bird watcher", sexism ddt/pesticides cuyahoga river fire (1969) - Answer chemicals in water prompted frequent fires on water famous Times cover photo showed plumes of smoke coming from a river was not the first time it had happened 1st earth day (april 1970) - Answer early actions of the EPA - Answer clean air act (1970) bans lead-based paint (1971) bans DDT (1972) clean water act ^ ocean dumping act ^ noise control act ^ automobile regulations ^ safe drinking water act (1974) superfund act (1980) love canal (1978) - Answer Niagara Falls, NY 70-acre landill as epicenter of massive environmental pollution disaster that affected health of resident (high WBC and leukemia) extensive superfund cleanup operation lead to the creation of superfund sites superfund site - Answer land in the US contaminated by hazardous waste and identified by the EPA as a candidate for cleanup because poses health or environmental risks Scott Pruitt - Answer Trump appointed head of EPA former OK attorney general LinkedIn: "is a leading advocate against the EPA's activist agenda" says that superfund sites are "center" of EPA efforts Trump EPA budget 30% cut for 2018 8.2-->5.7 billion "ferretting out grands with the 'double C'"