BIOD 151- Module 5 Questions and Correct Answers, With Complete Solution, Updated 2024.

BIOD 151- Module 5 Questions and Correct Answers, With Complete Solution, Updated 2024. Why do the muscular and skeletal systems work together? To provide movement for the human body What are the 3 types of muscle tissue? Skeletal, smooth and cardiac Characteristics of skeletal muscles 1. Must have blood and nervous supply to provide movement 2. Are under conscious control Conscious control a person can consciously decide to use these muscles to complete an action How does communication throughout the body tell a muscle to move? Peripheral nerves carry the signal from the central nervous system (brain and spinal chord) to a specific muscle destination Motor actions Messages from the central nervous system to a muscle Sensation or sensory input When nerves carry information from the external environment to the central nervous system Tendons Connective tissues that connect skeletal muscle to bone Characteristics of tendons flexible, can bend at the joints and help cushion against sudden movement Ligaments Connective tissue that connects bone to bone helping to stabilize joints What are the 3 components of a skeletal muscle? Origin, insertion and action Origin The bony site of attachment that is stationary during movement Insertion The bony site of attachment that is moved by the muscle contraction Action The effect that is produced by the muscle contraction Innervation The peripheral nerve that supplies a muscle with a message from the brain How many pairs of cranial nerves originate on the ventral surface of the brain? 12 Orbicularis oculi Action: eye closure, Innervation: facial nerve (CN VII) Orbicular oris Action: Mouth closure- closes lips, protrudes lips forward, presses lips against teeth Innervation: facial nerve (CN VII) Zygomaticus major/minor Action: pull corners of lips upward, Innervation: facial nerve (CN VII) Risorius Action: pulls the corners of the mouth posteriorly (grin or grimace), Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII) Frontalis (occipitofrontailis) Action: Raise eyebrows, Innervation: facial nerve (CN VII) Buccinator Action: compress cheeks, Innervation: facial nerve (CN VII) Masseter Action: Jaw closure, Innervation: trigeminal nerve (CN V, mandibular branch) Temporalis Action: Elevates mandible, closes jaw, Innervation: trigeminal nerve (CN V, mandibular branch) Agonist The muscle that contract as the primary movement in a pair Antagonist The muscle that moves secondarily to relax the contracted muscle Lateral flexion of the head/neck Moving one of the ears to the same side shoulder Neck flexion Moving the chin towards the sternum Bilaterally both sides Unilaterally Performed in a one-sided manner Semispinalis Capitis Origin: Articular processes of inferior cervical and transverse process of superior thoracic vertebrae Insertion: occipital bone Action: Bilateral extend head, unilateral laterally flexes neck to same side Innervation: Spinal nerves Sternocleidomastoid Origin: Sternal end of clavicle and manubrium Insertion: Mastoid region of skull Action: Bilateral: neck flection, Unilateral: turns face to opposite side Innervation: accessory nerve (CN XI) Splenius Capitis Origin: Spinous process/ligaments of inferior cervical vertebrae Insertion: Mastoid process, occipital bone of skull Action: Bilateral: extend head, Unilateral: Laterally flexes neck to same side Innervation: Cervial spinal nerves Longissimus Cervicis Origin: Transverse process of superior thoracic vertebrae Insertion: Transverse process of middle and superior cervical vertebrae Action: Bilateral: extend head, Unilateral: Laterally flexes neck to same side Innervation: Cervical and thoracic spinal nerves Longissimus Thoracis Origin: transverse process of all thoracic and lumbar vertebrae Insertion: transverse processes of all thoracic vertebrae Action: Bilateral: extension of spine, Unilaterally: lateral flexion of spine Innervation: Thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves Thyrohyoid Origin: Thyroid cartilage of larynx Insertion: Hyoid bone Action: Elevates thyroid, depresses hyoid bone Innervation: Hypoglossal nerve Scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior) Origin: Transverse processes of C2-C7 Insertion: First and second ribs Action: elevates ribs 1 & 2 Innervation: Cervical spinal nerves Flexion of the spine Forward bending the trunk (cat stretch) Extension of the spine Backward bending of the trunk Spinalis Medial column of erector spinae, Action: Spinal extension What are the 3 divisions of the Spinalis? Spinals thoracic, spinalis services, and spinals capitis Longissimus Intermediate column of erector spinae, Action: Spinal extension What are the 3 divisions of the longissimus? Longissimus thoracic, longissimus crevices, longissimus capitits Illiocostalis Lateral column of erector spinae, Action: Spinal extension What are the 3 divisions of the illiocostalis? Iliocostalis lumborum, iliocostalis thoracis, illiocostalis cervicis Rectus abdominis Origin: Pubic Crest, Pubic symphysis Insertion: Cartilages of ribs 5-7, diploid process Action: Flection of spine, compression of abdominal viscera Innervation: Spinal nerves (T 7-T 12) External oblique Origin: Sternum, ribs (5-12) Insertion: Linea alba, iliac crest Action: Bilaterally: Flection of the spine, compress the abdomen, Unilaterally: Flexes trunk to same side, rotates to opposite side Innervation: Lower intercostal, illioinguinal nerves Internal oblique Origin: Iliac crest, lumbodorsal fascia Insertion: Inferior ribs, linea alba