Chemistry 1 Honors Final Exam Review 2024 with Correct Answers

Chemistry 1 Honors Final Exam Review 2024 with Correct Answers a broad generalization that explains a body of facts or phenomena - Answer- theory a testable statement - Answer- hypothesis a measure of the quantity of matter - Answer- mass a measure of the gravitational pull on matter - Answer- weight the closeness of measurements to the correct or accepted value of the quantity measured - Answer- accuracy the closeness of a set of measurements of the same quantity made in the same way - Answer- precision consists of all the digits known with certainty plus one final digit, which is somewhat uncertain or is estimated - Answer- significant figures numbers are written in the form M x 10ⁿ, where the factor M is a number greater than or equal to 1 but less than 10 and is a whole number - Answer- scientific notation states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during ordinary chemical reactions or physical changes - Answer- Law of Conservation of Mass the fact that a chemical compound contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by mass regardless of the size of the sample or the source of the compound - Answer- Law of Definite Proportions if two or more different compounds are composed of the same two elements, then the ratio of the masses of the second element combined with a certain mass of the first element is always a ratio of small whole numbers - Answer- Law of Multiple Proportions the smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element - Answer- atom the short-ranged proton-neutron, proton-proton, and neutron-neutron forces that hold particles together - Answer- nuclear forces the number of protons of each atom of that element - Answer- atomic number atoms of the same element that have different masses - Answer- isotopes the total number of protons and neutrons that make up the neucleus of an isotope - Answer- mass number general term for a specific isotope of an element - Answer- nuclide 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom - Answer- atomic mass unit the weighted average of the atomic masses of the naturally occuring isotopes of an element - Answer- average atomic mass SI unit for amount of substance - Answer- mole 6.022 x 10²³ - Answer- Avagadro's number the mass of one mole of pure substance - Answer- molar mass 400 BC; called nature's basic particle an atom - Answer- Democritus 1808; an English school teacher who proposed an explanation for the Law of Conservation of Mass, Law of Definite Proportions, and the Law of Multiple Proportions - Answer- John Dalton