Brooks Biodiversity Exam 1 Questions and Answers(RATED A +)

Miller-Urey experiment -ANSWER_ Created a chemical experiment that simulated the conditions thought at the time to be present on the early Earth, and tested the chemical origin of life under those conditions. Tested Haldane-Oparin hypothesis, thinking that methane and ammonia were likely absent in early atmosphere- more likely CO,CO2,N2, and H2O. Results yielded in organic molecules. SPONCH -ANSWER_ Hydrogen was the most abundant. Carbon is the most important. Life is diverse through -ANSWER_ meiosis and mutations Cell theory -ANSWER_ All organisms are made up of cells and come from cells. Cell membrane defines a cell (composed of phospholipids-hydrophobic) the "RNA" world -ANSWER_ earliest cells contained RNA through the discovery of retroviruses (whom could perform reverse transcription RNA>DNA) Pansperania -ANSWER_ idea that organic molecules were brought to earth by meteorites/asteroids Heterotrophic anaerobes were the first living cells? -ANSWER_ YES Chemotrophs -ANSWER_ chemical reactions where no light is involved Phototrophs -ANSWER_ chemical reactions where light is involved Cyanobacteria -ANSWER_ earliest fossils that have been discovered are cyanobacteria. Not the first organism on the planet, just oldest ones we have evidence of. Not found in extreme conditions. Should not be called blue-green algae because algae is a eukaryote and cyanobacteria is a prokaryote. Not considered bacteria because it has chlorophyll which turns into a chloroplast. Prokaryotes don't have chloroplast. H2S versus H2O -ANSWER_ first organisms used H2S, then switched to H2O. By product was oxygen, ever since that switch, O2 has been increasing in atmosphere. Stromatolites -ANSWER_ The oldest known fossils, dating from 3.5 billion years ago; layered rock that results from the growth of layer upon layer of cyanobacteria that bind thin films of sediment together. Like corals.