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Summary Diversity of Eukaryotes
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A summary of Section II, Chapter 5: Diversity of Eukaryotic Microbes
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Diversity of Microorganisms DesmidNMap124: MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY Unicellular; resemble a
A. MAIN TOPIC microscopic banana
1. Subtopic
CONCEPT 1
Subconcept 1
IMPORTANT TERM
Keyword Spirogyra
Filamentous alga; produces long
A. Algae
green strands in pond water
1. Characteristics and Classification
(sing., alga) photosynthetic, eukaryotic
Chlamydomonas
organisms together with protozoa are
Unicellular biflagellated alga, 1
classified in second kingdom (protista) of
chloroplast and a stigma
5-kingdom system of classification
Collectively referred to as protists
Volvox (Colonial alga or colony)
Consist of as many as 60k
interconnected, biflagellated cells
arranged to form a hollow sphere
Beat in a coordinated manner
causing Volvox to move through
the water in rolling motion,
sometimes, daughter colonies can
be seen within a Volvox colony
ALGAE: Photosynthetic protists
PROTOZOA: Non-photosynthetic protists
Phycology (Algology)- study of algae
PHYLUM PHAEOPHYTA
Some algal cells have;
Brown algae
Pellicle- thickened cell membrane
Cellulose + alginic acid cell walls
Stigma- light-sensing organelle; eyespot
Multicellular
Flagella
Few are microscopic
Lack true roots, stems, and leaves
Store carbohydrates
Not all algae are microorganisms
Harvested for alginin
Found in freshwater, saltwater, in wet soil or rocks.
Alginin- absorbs water quickly, which makes it useful as an
Produce their own energy by photosynthesis (using solar energy,
additive in dehydrated products such as slimming aids, and in
CO2, H2O, and inorganic nutrients from soil to build cellular
the manufacture of paper and textiles.
material)
It is also used for waterproofing and fireproofing fabrics, as a
In some classification schemes, algae are treated as separate
gelling agent, for thickening drinks, ice cream and cosmetics,
kingdom called Chromista
and as a detoxifier that can absorb poisonous metals from the
Ostreococcus tauri- smallest eukaryote ever discovered; tiny
blood.
green alga (1.0 micrometer in diamter); contains 1 chloroplast,
Giant Kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera)
mitochondrion, and golgi body
Picoeukaryotes- tiny eukaryotes that range in sizes 0.2-2
micromenter in diameter; smaller than some prokaryotes.
Most algal cell walls contain cellulose, depending on their
photosynthetic pigment they possess, algae are classified as
green, golden (or golden brown), brown, and red
Carotenoids: yellow-orange Sargassum
Chlorophylls: greenish
Phycobilins: red and blue
Xantophylls: brownish
PHYLUM BACILLRIOPHYTA
Diatoms
Tiny, usually unicellular algae that lives both
PHYLUM RHODOPHYTA
freshwater and seawater
Red Algae
Have silicon dioxide in their cell walls: thus
Cellulose cell walls
they have cell walls made of glass.
Most multicellular
Deposits are made into diatomaceous
earth- used in filtration system, insulation Store glucose polymer
and abrasives Harvested for agar and carrageenan
Dinoflagellates
Microscopic, unicellular, flagellated, often photosynthetic algae
Fire algae- dinoflagellates that produce light Carrageenan
Responsible for ‘red tides’ Agar • Carrageenan used in the
Neurotoxins cause paralytic shellfish poisoning • Agar is used to food and other industries
make jellies, puddings as thickening and
PHYLUM CHLOROPHYTA and custards. stabilizing agents.
Green algae • Used throughout the • Desserts, ice cream,
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