Bio 315 Exam 1 Questions & Answers Verified 100% Correct!!

Cytology - Answer-focuses mainly on cellular structure and emphasizes optical techniques Biochemistry - Answer-focuses on cellular structure and function Genetics - Answer-focuses on information flow and heredity and includes sequencing of the entire genome (all of the DNA) in numerous organisms Robert Hooke - Answer-Discovered cells 30x magnification -termed cells Cellula -drew cork as seen from a microscope -categorized as Cytology Van Leeuwenhoek - Answer-"Father of microbiology" -Discovered protists, bacteria, vacuole, spermatozoa, -300x magnfication --categorized as Cytology micrometer - Answer-(μm), also called the micron, (10-6 m) -Bacterial cells are a few μm in diameter, whereas cells of plants and animals are 10-20 times larger -Organelles are comparable to bacterial cells in size Nanometer - Answer-used fro molecules and subcellular structures too small to be seen in the light microscope Light Microscope - Answer-allowed identification of nuclei, mitochondria, and chloroplasts -bright field microscopy because white light Microtome - Answer-an instrument that produces very thin slices of body tissues -20uM sliceslimit of resolution - Answer-how far apart objects must be to appear as distinct Resolving power - Answer-ability to see fine details fluorescence microscopy - Answer-allows detection of proteins, DNA sequences, or molecules that have been made fluorescent by binding to antibodies Antibody - Answer-a protein that binds a particular target molecule, called an antigen confocal microscopy - Answer-uses a laser beam to illuminate a single plane of a fluorescently labeled specimen electron microscope - Answer-uses beams of electrons, rather than light, to produce images -100000x magnification transmission electron microscope - Answer-electrons transmitted through the specimen scanning electron microscopy - Answer-the surface of a specimen is scanned by detecting electrons deflected from the outer surface Fredrich Wohler - Answer-found urea could be synthesized in the lab from an inorganic starting material- ammonium cyanate (CH4N2O) - categorized as biochemistry Pasteur - Answer-meat broth experiment disproves spontaneous generation -Pasteur next showed living yeast cells were responsible for fermentation - categorized as biochemistry Buchners - Answer-showed that yeast extracts could do the same and active agents in yeast turned out to be enzymes -categorized as biochemistryWalther Flemming - Answer-identified chromosomes and mitosis. Material was in fins and gills of salamanders -Morgan linked the chromosomes -categorized as genetic Griffith's experiment - Answer-genetic material could be transferred between dead bacteria and living bacteria horizontally -categorized as genetic Avery, MacLeod, McCarty - Answer-Determined that DNA was Griffith's "Transforming Factor." -categorized as genetic Watson and Crick - Answer-with key assistance from Rosalind Franklin, proposed the double helix model for DNA structure -Crick coined the term central dogma of molecular biology -categorized as genetic Recombinant DNA technology - Answer-uses restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific places, allowing scientists to create recombinant DNA molecules with DNA from different sources