Physiology of Biliary Secretion, Gallstone and Cholestasis-Questions And Answers 100% Correct

Physiology of Biliary Secretion, Gallstone and Cholestasis-Questions And Answers 100% Correct Liver secretes bile into the _______________ - ANSWER-small intestine High levels of adenosine are normally maintained where in the liver? - ANSWER-where portal veins and hepatic arterioles converge to form sinusoidal liver capillaries Bile acids differ in structure by the number and location of ___ groups - ANSWER-OH Conjugation to _______ or _______ makes bile acids more water soluble - ANSWER-taurine or glycine ________ are spontaneously formed from bile acids, they are energetically favorable - ANSWER-micelles Duct flow produced by ________ modifies bile from hepatocytes - ANSWER-duct cells (cholangiocytes) What are the 3 components of total bile flow into the lumen? - ANSWER-bile acid-dependent flow, bile acid-independent flow, and duct flow Bile acid-_________ flow requires secondary active transport - ANSWER-dependent Bile acid-_________ flow is basal (constant) and mechanism are not well known - ANSWER-independent What are 3 transporters used in bile acid-dependent flow? - ANSWER-Na+/K+-ATPase Bile salt-sodium cotransport carrier Canclicular bile acid pumps Duct cells are also called ___________ - ANSWER-cholangiocytes _________ is the major component of duct flow secretion - ANSWER-NaHCO3 The CFTR is a ______ ion channel - ANSWER-Cl- Secretin, glucagon, and VIP all are _______ (stimulate secretion) - ANSWER-choleretics Return of bile acids to the liver via the enterohepatic circulation stimulate bile acid-__________ flow - ANSWER-dependent