UTMB ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 5355
Exam 3 QUESTION AND SOLUTIONS 100%
1). Biogenic amine theory linked to depression
Ans: Deficiency of neurotransmitters in brain of norepinephrine, dopamine, and/or
serotonin. Particularly, a decrease in receptor binding with serotonin.
2). Neurotransmitter receptor hypothesis linked to depression
Ans: A deficiency of monoamine neurotransmitters at neuronal synapses.
3). Antidepressants increase
Ans: Neuronal synaptic levels of monoamine neurotransmitters.
4). If you have more receptors than neurotransmitters
Ans: Neurotransmitters do not have time to re-charge thus, they do not function
properly.
5). Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) system dysregulation
Ans: HPA system dysregulation with excessive glucocorticoid secretion is found in a
large percentage of people suffering from major depression.
6). Patho of alzheimer's includes - plaque formation, presence of --, with decreased levels of -
Ans: Amyloid B, neurofibrillary tangles, acetylcholine these disrupt impulse
transmission
7). Neurofibrillary tangles
Ans: are a deformation of the structure that carries nutrients to neurons of the brain.
8). Decreased levels of choline acetyl transferase and acetylcholine is associated with
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, Ans: Memory loss
9). Most common cause of dementia
Ans: Alzheimer's disease fatal 5-10 years
10). Characteristics of alzheimer's
Ans: Loss of memory, language , inability to learn new things, dysfunction, delusions,
cannot perform ADLs, majorly effects social life
11). Parkinson's disease is
Ans: Chronic motor progressive neuro-degenerative known as a shaking palsy
12). Parkinson's disease is associated with
Ans: basal ganglia dysfunction and atrophy of neurons in the substantia nigra that
produce dopamine;
13). Characteristics of parkinson's disease
Ans: Tremors at rest, rigidity, bradykinesia, muscular rigidity and postural
abnormalities.
14). 2 main categories of cva
Ans: Hemorrhagic and Ischemic
15). Hemorrhagic cva
Ans: Blood produces inflammatory reaction, swelling, displaces brain tissue and
increases ICP
16). 2 types of hemorrhagic stroke
Ans: Intracerebral and subarachnoid
17). Intracerebral hemorrhage
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, Ans: Blood vessel leaks directly into brain tissue
18). Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Ans: Bleeding into the subarachnoid space, caused by trauma, aneurysm rupture
presents as "worst headache of life". surgical emergency
19). Ischemic cva
Ans: reduction in cerebral blood flow results in hypoxia and irreversible cell death with
associated cerebral edema
20). 3 types of ischemic cva
Ans: thrombotic, embolic, hypercoagulable states.
21). Thrombotic
Ans: caused by atherosclerosis blocking vessels. obstruction of blood vessel due to
localized occlusive process
22). Embolic
Ans: caused by blood clot, fat or air embolus traveling from distant site to brain
23). Hypercoaguable state
Ans: conditions such as sickle cell disease, polycythemia causing blood clot to form
and obstruct vessel
24). Multiple sclerosis
Ans: chronic, inflammatory autoimmune demyelinating disease of the CNS. : patho
includes CNS demyelination thought to be caused by an immune reaction
25). Acetylcholine
Ans: excitatory or inhibitory, enables muscle action, learning, memory- involved in
memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease
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Exam 3 QUESTION AND SOLUTIONS 100%
1). Biogenic amine theory linked to depression
Ans: Deficiency of neurotransmitters in brain of norepinephrine, dopamine, and/or
serotonin. Particularly, a decrease in receptor binding with serotonin.
2). Neurotransmitter receptor hypothesis linked to depression
Ans: A deficiency of monoamine neurotransmitters at neuronal synapses.
3). Antidepressants increase
Ans: Neuronal synaptic levels of monoamine neurotransmitters.
4). If you have more receptors than neurotransmitters
Ans: Neurotransmitters do not have time to re-charge thus, they do not function
properly.
5). Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) system dysregulation
Ans: HPA system dysregulation with excessive glucocorticoid secretion is found in a
large percentage of people suffering from major depression.
6). Patho of alzheimer's includes - plaque formation, presence of --, with decreased levels of -
Ans: Amyloid B, neurofibrillary tangles, acetylcholine these disrupt impulse
transmission
7). Neurofibrillary tangles
Ans: are a deformation of the structure that carries nutrients to neurons of the brain.
8). Decreased levels of choline acetyl transferase and acetylcholine is associated with
PaperStoc.com Page 1 of 20
, Ans: Memory loss
9). Most common cause of dementia
Ans: Alzheimer's disease fatal 5-10 years
10). Characteristics of alzheimer's
Ans: Loss of memory, language , inability to learn new things, dysfunction, delusions,
cannot perform ADLs, majorly effects social life
11). Parkinson's disease is
Ans: Chronic motor progressive neuro-degenerative known as a shaking palsy
12). Parkinson's disease is associated with
Ans: basal ganglia dysfunction and atrophy of neurons in the substantia nigra that
produce dopamine;
13). Characteristics of parkinson's disease
Ans: Tremors at rest, rigidity, bradykinesia, muscular rigidity and postural
abnormalities.
14). 2 main categories of cva
Ans: Hemorrhagic and Ischemic
15). Hemorrhagic cva
Ans: Blood produces inflammatory reaction, swelling, displaces brain tissue and
increases ICP
16). 2 types of hemorrhagic stroke
Ans: Intracerebral and subarachnoid
17). Intracerebral hemorrhage
PaperStoc.com Page 2 of 20
, Ans: Blood vessel leaks directly into brain tissue
18). Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Ans: Bleeding into the subarachnoid space, caused by trauma, aneurysm rupture
presents as "worst headache of life". surgical emergency
19). Ischemic cva
Ans: reduction in cerebral blood flow results in hypoxia and irreversible cell death with
associated cerebral edema
20). 3 types of ischemic cva
Ans: thrombotic, embolic, hypercoagulable states.
21). Thrombotic
Ans: caused by atherosclerosis blocking vessels. obstruction of blood vessel due to
localized occlusive process
22). Embolic
Ans: caused by blood clot, fat or air embolus traveling from distant site to brain
23). Hypercoaguable state
Ans: conditions such as sickle cell disease, polycythemia causing blood clot to form
and obstruct vessel
24). Multiple sclerosis
Ans: chronic, inflammatory autoimmune demyelinating disease of the CNS. : patho
includes CNS demyelination thought to be caused by an immune reaction
25). Acetylcholine
Ans: excitatory or inhibitory, enables muscle action, learning, memory- involved in
memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease
PaperStoc.com Page 3 of 20
