Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam Study Guide

Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction? A) lysosomes B) peroxisomes C) ribosomes D) oxyhydrosomes Ans: B- peroxisomes What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria? A) enzymatic digestion halts deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthese B) influx of calcium ions halts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production C) edema from an influx in sodium causes a reduction in ATP production D) potassium shifts out of the mitochondria, which destroys the infrastructure Ans: B- influx of calcium ions halts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production Which statement is a description of one of the characteristics of apoptosis? A) apoptosis involves programmed cell death of scattered singel cells B) apoptosis is characterized by the swelling of the nucleus and the cytoplasm C) apoptosis involves unpredictable patterns of cell death D) apoptosis results in benign malignancies Ans: A- apoptosis involves programmed cell death of scattered singel cells During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell because: A) during cell injury cause by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell because: B) the pump that transports sodium out of the cell cannot function because of a decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels C) the osmotic pressure is increased, which pulls additional sodium across the cell membrane D) oxygen is not available to bind with sodium to maintain it outside of the cell Ans: C- the osmotic pressure is increased, which pulls additional sodium across the cell membrane What is an effect of ionizing radiation exposure? A) respiratory distress B) sun intolerance C) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) abberations D) death Ans: C- deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) abberations Obesity creates a greater risk for dehydration in people because: A) adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling B) the metabolic rates of obese adults are slower than those of lean adults C) the rates of urine output of obese adults are higher than thos of lean adults D) the thirst receptors of the hypothalamus do not function effectively Ans: A- adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling