PSYCH10 Paquette-Smith UCLA Final Questions With 100% Correct Answers 2024

PSYCH10 Paquette-Smith UCLA Final Questions With 100% Correct Answers 2024 Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development - answerSensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operations - explanation of why students struggle at particular stage of their life - kids = like little scientists, naturally curious, play an active role in acquiring knowledge - Schema --> an organized unit of knowledge that the child uses to try to understand a situation - (bird - wings, fly, alive) - P argues that in b/n stages, must accommodate a lot more, w/n a stage can assimilate most things they encounter into their schema - some argue have to change/reorganize a LOT, this is what moves them into next stage - P argues cannot go backwards, or out of order assimilation - answer- new experiences are readily incorporated into child's existing theories - if the schemas are mostly correct: like bird example, see a bald eagle and apply schema of birds having wings, flying, alive accommodation - answertheories are modified based on experience - see a butterfly --> also has wings, flies, and is alive - accommodate and modify theory : birds also "caw" are animals, have beaks in addition to having wings, flying, and being alive pollev: accommodation vs. assimilation - answer- kids keeps calling apple an orange - He is trying to _________ this new information into his schema when he should be _________. B) assimilate; accommodating cognitive development - answerthe development of thinking across the lifespan - pre-k aged kids can have advanced thoughts in some areas, but not others; ex: be on phone w someone, say this: look mommy, i drew a pic of you sensorimotor stage - answerin Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities. develop sense of object permanence -Infants progress from simple reflex actions to symbolic processing (ex: grasping a toy if you put it in their hands, sucking if you put a soother in their mouth) - Develop an understanding of object permanence - P argues develop an understanding of object permanence around 9 months object permanence - answer- Understanding that objects continue to exist when they are no longer visible - Around 9 months of age infants will search for hidden objects (has to show searching behaviors, bc they might just know it is there but not be looking) - ex: a toy exists even though you cannot see it violation of expectations - answerInfants will look longer at events that violate their expectations - ex: look longer at something that is impossible Baillargeon, 1986, 1991 - answer- showed a car going down a track irl; ex vs unex: mickey mouse on track, vs car going through MM - if infants have obj perm - they should look longer at unexpected event - if not - should look longer at expected event - could also look longer bc MM is closer to him preoperational stage - answerin Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) - can mentally represent objects and think symbolically - during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic. - do not pass conservation tests because they have centration and a lack of reversibility. - egocentric: do not pass three mountains task. limitations: - Difficulty with logical reasoning/problem solving - Difficulty representing the psychological experiences of others (perspective taking) conservation - answerunderstanding that altering an object's physical appearance does not change its quantitative properties (liquid, number, mass, volume etc.) - example of two diff shaped liquid w same volume - task he used to test logical reasoning and or problem solving - which has more water, or are they the same? move water into C, still should be same - girl says they're diff amts of water even though they're not bc it is taller - to a child: someone getting 2 halves vs someone getting 2 cookies is fair bc they are both same quantity - children do not pass conservation tasks until 6-7 years old preoperational children have difficulty because: - centration: are not thinking about before or after, just the present moment or endpoint - lack reversibility concrete operational stage - answerin Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events. - difficulty about thinking abstractly or reasoning hypothetically (give answers rooted in reality; ex: if everyone did not have thumbs, we could not thumb wrestle) - Difficulty with tasks that require mental manipulation (hard to do things that require you to envision in your head) formal operational stage - answerin Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 11+) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts