IMMUNOLOGY EXAM 1
CHAPTER 1
1. Memorize the different immune cells and their functions
Granulocytes (a-c)
- effector cells of innate immunity
- from myeloid cell lineage: precursor cell of (a-c)
- contain granules that are filled with reactive biochemicals that kill
microorganisms
- Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PNMs) = irregularly shaped nuclei
with multiple lobes.
CELL TYPE FUNCTIONS
MYELOID LINEAGE (a-e) = of the bone marrow; innate immune cells
a) Neutrophil - engulfment and degradation of extracellular material
- phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms
- most numerous/common cell in blood.
- first to arrive on the scene when tissues are infected.
- short-life span
- their death produces pus during infection.
- Development: Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell >
Common myeloid cell precursor > Granulocyte precursor
cell
b) Eosinophil - less numerous
- release of cytokines for promoting wound healing/tissue
repair
- kills parasites through release of toxic granule contents
(intestinal = helminth worms)
- less numerous
- largest granulocytes
- secretes cytokines and signaling molecules
- controls immune response to parasites (regulatory cell)
c) Basophil
, Monocyte (d)
- circulating precursor of the macrophage (myeloid lineage)
- leukocytes that circulate the blood
- recruited by macrophages to infected tissue where they differentiate into
macrophages to reinforce resident ones (when damage to tissue is extensive,
resident macrophages die and are replaced with monocytes once infection is
cleared)
- phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms
- irregularly shaped and has extensive
cytoplasm with vacuoles
- large phagocyte
- they dispose of neutrophils
- secrete inflammatory cytokines that recruit
neutrophils and other leukocytes in infected
area.
d) Macrophage - can self-renew in healthy tissues
e) Dendritic cell - links the innate with adaptive
- from the common myeloid precursor
- determines wether and when the innate
immune system response needs
reinforcement with adaptive immune system
- when adaptive is needes, these cells gather
up to degarde pathogens and take them to
lymphoid tissues (adaptive is initiated)
- capable of pagocytosis (not involve in
pathogen clearance)
- patrol tissues for signs of infections
LYMPHOID LINEAGE (f-g) = adaptive immune cells; produce lymphocytes
CHAPTER 1
1. Memorize the different immune cells and their functions
Granulocytes (a-c)
- effector cells of innate immunity
- from myeloid cell lineage: precursor cell of (a-c)
- contain granules that are filled with reactive biochemicals that kill
microorganisms
- Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PNMs) = irregularly shaped nuclei
with multiple lobes.
CELL TYPE FUNCTIONS
MYELOID LINEAGE (a-e) = of the bone marrow; innate immune cells
a) Neutrophil - engulfment and degradation of extracellular material
- phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms
- most numerous/common cell in blood.
- first to arrive on the scene when tissues are infected.
- short-life span
- their death produces pus during infection.
- Development: Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell >
Common myeloid cell precursor > Granulocyte precursor
cell
b) Eosinophil - less numerous
- release of cytokines for promoting wound healing/tissue
repair
- kills parasites through release of toxic granule contents
(intestinal = helminth worms)
- less numerous
- largest granulocytes
- secretes cytokines and signaling molecules
- controls immune response to parasites (regulatory cell)
c) Basophil
, Monocyte (d)
- circulating precursor of the macrophage (myeloid lineage)
- leukocytes that circulate the blood
- recruited by macrophages to infected tissue where they differentiate into
macrophages to reinforce resident ones (when damage to tissue is extensive,
resident macrophages die and are replaced with monocytes once infection is
cleared)
- phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms
- irregularly shaped and has extensive
cytoplasm with vacuoles
- large phagocyte
- they dispose of neutrophils
- secrete inflammatory cytokines that recruit
neutrophils and other leukocytes in infected
area.
d) Macrophage - can self-renew in healthy tissues
e) Dendritic cell - links the innate with adaptive
- from the common myeloid precursor
- determines wether and when the innate
immune system response needs
reinforcement with adaptive immune system
- when adaptive is needes, these cells gather
up to degarde pathogens and take them to
lymphoid tissues (adaptive is initiated)
- capable of pagocytosis (not involve in
pathogen clearance)
- patrol tissues for signs of infections
LYMPHOID LINEAGE (f-g) = adaptive immune cells; produce lymphocytes
