NCE - Research questions with complete solutions 2024/2025

NCE - Research questions with complete solutions 2024/2025A-B-A-B Designs - correct answer Reversal Single-Subject Design In an ABAB research design, baseline data on a behavior is taken (phase A), a treatment is applied and the behavior is measured again (phase B), the treatment is withdrawn and baseline data is taken again (the second phase A), and the treatment is re-applied and the behavior is measured again (the second phase B). The ABAB design, a type of reversal design, is one in which a treatment is applied, withdrawn, and applied again. In a reversal design, if the behavior being measured changes in the same way after both applications of the treatment, it is assumed that the treatment, rather than HISTORY (external, extraneous factors) is responsible for those changes. However, if the behavior does not revert to baseline levels after the treatment is withdrawn, the design cannot be effective. Baseline — the behavior of the participant prior to the administration of a treatment condition Abscissa Ordinate - correct answer The x axis is used to plot the IV scores. The x axis is also known as the ABSCISSA. The y axis is used to plot the frequency of the DVs. The y axis is also known as the ORDINATE. Analysis of Variance One-Way ANOVA - correct answer ONE-WAY ANOVA 1 Dependent Variable: Client self-esteem 1 Independent Variable (Factor) at 3 or more Levels: 1) Therapist training: Master's - LPC Master's - LSW Doctorate - PhD Analysis of Variance Factorial ANOVA - correct answer FACTORIAL ANOVA 1 Dependent Variable: Client self-esteem 2 or more Independent Variables (Factors): 1) Gender of therapist: (2 Kinds): Male and Female 2) Therapist Training: (3 Levels): LPC, LSW, PhD This is a 2 x 3 Design. This is called a factorial analysis of variance because the effects of 2 or more factors (independent variables) are being measured. Analysis of Variance Multivariate ANOVA - correct answer MANOVA 2 Dependent Variables: Client self-esteem AND Locus of Control 2 or more Independent Variables (Factors): 1) Gender of Therapist: (2 Kinds): Male and Female 2) Therapist Training: (3 Levels): LPC, LSW, PhD ANCOVA - correct answer An extension of ANOVA. It is a statistic to eliminate a variable the researcher doesn't want in study. Those unwanted variables are called extraneous or covariates. ANCOVA is used to remove covariates. Randomization of subjects and treatments are necessary to use covariance. A major function of covariance is control . ANOVA Assumptions - correct answer ANOVA assumptions: