AAMC FL 4 exam questions fully solved & verified for accuracy 2024

Equation for the number of stereoisomers and chiral centers # of stereoisomers=2^n n=chiral centers What does the direction of the electric field line represent? The movement of a positive test charge Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells Produces myelin sheaths in the CNS and PNS function of myelin sheath to protect the neuron, provide insulation, and increase the speed of impulse transmission Another word for voltage is potential difference conductivity is the reverse of resistivity Another way to find resistance is R=(resistivity p)(L)/(A) pH for a strong acid is generally Less than 2 Strong acids also fully dissociate Weak acids dissociate weakly. Acids dissolve in bases, and bases dissolve in acids due to the common ion effect Squalene is a precursor for steroid hormones, and cholesterol. What are prostaglandins? modified fatty acids sucrose (nonreducing because the anomeric carbon does not have a hemiacetal) , lactose, maltose, cellobiose disaccharides. Sucrose=Glucose+fructose Lactose=Glucose+galactose (epimer of glucose at C-4) Maltose=Glucose+glucose. What occurs during an ionization reaction? A free electron. A liter is also a 1000cm^3 all 4 variables for the Doppler effect The speeds of the sound and of the moving object, and the frequencies of the sound waves emitted and observed. The principal quantum number is a measure of which of the following? The principal quantum number describes the energy of a given orbital or electron cloud in which the electron resides. Energy is is influenced between the distance of the two charges, so the radial size of the cloud will influence how much energy is in each electron cloud. As the radius and size of the electron cloud changes, so does the energy. angular momentum quantum number symbolized by l, indicates the shape of the orbital (electron cloud) glycerol structure palmitic acid The binding site and ligands should have opposite charges. If ligand is anionic, then positively charged amino acids should be in the binding site. cm-1 Corresponds to double C-C bonds in an aromatic ring. What is cortisone Inactive form of cortisol Converging lenses would help to focus light on the front. Used to treat farsightedness. People who are farsighted (hyperopia) have an image that is focused behind the retina, not in front. Diverging lenses are used to treat myopia, or nearsightedness and will cause the light rays to go further back and onto the retina. Organic solvents are hydrophobic What is Archimedes' Principle? the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object dAMP structure Stabilizing ADP would need positively charged amino acids. pyruvate structure 140keV 140x10^3 times the elementary charge gives the energy. The Doppler Effect Describes the change in perceived frequency when there is relative motion between a source and an observer. This allows for the measurement of motion of fluid. In a balanced equation, the compounds should be balanced, along with the charges. Archaea are what type of cells? Prokaryotes the antigens an antibody recognizes are not limited to the same organism that created it. For example, we produce antibodies that recognize non-human antigens all the time. Foreign mouse antibodies might be tagged as foreign antibodies in which the body will elicit human anti-mouse antibodies. Make sure to have CORRECT REASONING hnRNA (heterogeneous nuclear RNA) Preprocessed mRNA; converted to mRNA by adding a poly-A tail and 5' cap and splicing out introns. (pre-mRNA) While increasing the ion strength of a solvent can increase the solubility, this is only true when there is no common ion present and protons are fairly common in reactions cytochrome c moves electrons by going back and fourth between fe(2) ferrous ion to fe(3) ferric ion. Can transfer only 1 electron at a time. A PCR that has higher GC content is more attractive because it has stronger bonding. Also, higher melting temperature. What is nondisjunction? Failure for chromosomes to separate properly. Happens in anaphase I. Affinity is specific to the identity of the transporter and not its concentration. enzymes, proteins, and ribosomes care about the conformation about their substrates so they will be stereospecific. How much ATP is produced under aerobic and anaerobic conditions? Aerobic:38 Anaerobic: 2 Difference between Euchromatin and heterochromatin Euchromatin is more loose and transcriptionally active, while heterochromatin is more dense (more darker when stained) also is associated with silence genes. keratin and desmin are the most likely intermediate filaments that you will encounter on test day. Direction of blood flow heart, artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein, heart Important concept B/B. When fewer visual pigment molecules are available to absorb light (for example, when a person has a color weakness), which of the following nervous system responses occurs? If there are fewer molecules that are able to absorb light, then fewer stimuli are being processed and fewer signals will be sent to the brain. Optic nerve The neurons in the optic nerve transmit visual signals but do not directly absorb light. Iris The pigment of the iris (eye color) does not determine our ability to perceive color. What type of cells allow us to see color? The photoreceptors and cones in the retina absorb light and transmit signals to the brain for processing As cells produce and use more ATP, more heat is given off, and body temperature rises. Therefore, more mitochondria would need to be used. What is a negative control When researchers do not perform the intervention or do not change the variable of interest. Known that there will be no response. Tip 52. READ THE QUESTION MORE CAREFULLY. YOU CAN EASILY GET 132 on BIO/BIOCHEM.