Endocrine System Nursing Science chapter 13 Complete Solution

Endocrine System Nursing Science chapter 13 Complete Solution Endocrine system: - consists of ORGANS and GLANDS that secrete chemicals called HORMONES what do hormones influence - every organ/cell in the body hormones effect - -Fluid Balance -Metabolism -Energy -Contraction of smooth & cardiac muscle -Reproduction -Sleep & Rest what does the endocrine system work hand to hand with? - the nervous system what is the endocrine system & nervous system's goal? - HOMEOSTASIS endocrine glands secret.... - hormones directly into the blood stream what kind of glands are endocrine glands? - ductless glands whats the main difference between endocrine system and nervous system? - the endocrine system responds slower with long lasting effects. (everything is opposite btwn slow & fast) hormones are: - chemical messengers steroid hormones are made of: - cholesterol -they include female/male sex hormones as well as aldosterone non steroid hormones/protein-based are made up of: - amino acids examples of protein based hormones: - Insulin, Growth hormone, Calcitonin, Thyroxine, Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), Oxytocin, EXocrine have - DUCTS; secrete substances into DUCTS that empty onto BODY SURFACE or cavity (EXternal to themselves) ex: sweat glands ENDocrine system is: - DUCTLESS; secretes hormones DIRECTLY INto the BLOODSTREAM ex: adrenal glands, thhyroid gland endocrine glands characteristics: - respond SLOWLY, exert LONG-LASTING effects, adapt SLOWLY to continual stimulation pituitary gland is the what? - the master gland where does the pituitary gland sit? - right below the hypothalamus pituitary gland is divided into? - anterior (LARGER) and posterior lobes hypothalamus is a part of what system? - CNS system/control system (COORDINATOR GLAND) the hypothalamus receives information from where and delivers it to _____? - receives information from the CNS and delivers it to the endocrine system, (to the pituitary gland) the hypothalamus controls the________? - pituitary gland through the release of hormones, to maintain homeostasis the release hormones that act on ANTERIOR PITUITARY gland to: - stimulate release of hormones (TROPHIC) -inhibit secretion of hormones describe the stages of the hypothalamus to the pituitary: - 1. Neurons secrete releasing or inhibiting hormones 2. hormones travel through hypophyseal portal system 3. Hormones act on target cells in anterior pituitary 3. Anterior pituitary releases, or suppresses release of, hormones into bloodstream. hormones produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary ends with what? - "tropin" name all the hormones released by the hypothalamus-------- anterior pituitary: - 1. GonadoTROPIN, thyroTROPIN, corticoTROPIN, prolactin-releasing, prolactin-inhibiting, growth hromone GonadoTROPIN-releasing hormone (GnRH) - promotes secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) luteinizing hormone (LH) - stimulates ovulation, estrogen, progesterone in females & secretion of testosterone in males Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) - stimulates the production of eggs, ova in the ovaries of females and sperm in the testes of males ThyroTROPIN-releasing hormone - promotes secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) corticoTROPIN-releasing hormone: - Promotes secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Prolactin Releasing Hormone (PRH) - promotes secretion of prolactin Prolactin-inhibiting hormone - inhibits secretion of prolactin Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) - promotes secretion of growth hormone -acts on the entire body to promote protein synthesis, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and bone and skeletal muscle growth pituitary gland regulates many... - body functions anterior pituitary - made of glandular epithelial tissue -produces & secretes many hormones posterior pituitary (stores hormones) - made of neural tissue -stores hormones and SECRETES few hormones what hormones are stored by the POSTERIOR pituitary: - antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin (OT) oxcytocin (posterior pituitary) - stimulates contraction of the uterus during childbirth. triggers the release of milk from the breast during lactation antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - acts on the kidneys to reduce urine volume and prevent dehydration Anterior Pituitary - TSH, ACTH, LH, FSH, GH, Prolactin TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) - stimulates thyroid; T3-triiodothyronine,T4-thyroxine ACTH (adrenocorticotropin) - stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete corticosteroids (sugar, salt, sex) Prolactin - stimulates breast milk production what controls the pituitary secretions? - controlled by the nervous system negative feedback of pituitary secretions - pituitary stimulates gland to release hormone. pineal gland - center of the brain, secretes melatonin, regulates sleep-maintain sleep/wake cycles negative feedback - when the hormone tells it to stop further release of the tropic hormone Thymus secretes: - thymosin & thymopoetin thymus is an... - organ of the immune system the thymus becomes smaller... - within age and is an active role in immunity where does the thymus lie? - mediastinum-beneath the sternum thyroid gland is the - LARGEST endocrine gland they thyroid gland has a MAJOR INFLUENCE on... - METABOLISM (controls metabolism) Where is the thryoid gland located? - anterior neck, below larynx and is wrapped around the trachea what are the two lobes of the thyroid gland joined by? - the isthmus Thyroid gland hormones are - manufactures, stored and released what is the thyroid gland regulated by? - TSH; thyroid stimulating hormone (anterior pituitary) What are the thyroid hormones? follicles produce & secrete: - T3 and T4, calcitonin parafollicular cells secrete (Thyroid gland) - calcitonin; regulates blood calcium & phosphorus levels Cells between the thyroid follicles are called - parafollicular cells what are the effects of thyroid hormones - increase the body's metabolic rate of all body functions which in turn increases heat production TSH is released when the body is - exposed to cold Actions of hormones reflected in functioning of: - brain, muscles, heart thyroid hormone effects: - -Increase cellular respiration -Increases energy & heat production -Increases rate of protein synthesis thyroid hormones regulate... - blood calcium & phosphorus-stimulus is HYPERcalcemia what does hypercalcemia cause? - causes calcium to move from blood to bone what is located on the posterior surface of the thyroid? - 4 PARATHYROID glands what does parathyroid hormone respond to? - low blood calcium levels parathyroid glands secrete.... - parathyroid hormone (PTH) parathyroid hormones regulate: - calcium levels levels- stimulus is HYPOcalcemia Bones: - move calcium from bone to blood what are the 2 adrenal glands located? - on top of the kidney what are the two part of the adrenal gland? - Outer-Cortex & Inner-Medulla adrenal cortex (sugar) hormones: - Glucocorticoids (CORTISOL) the adrenal cortex ensures: - that glucose will be available to the brain. HELPS THE BODY ADAPT TO STRESS -anti-inflammatory effect adrenal cortex SALT: - mineralocorticoids (ALDESTERONE) -target organ-kidney -increases BLOOD PRESSURE -promotes NA & water reabsorption adrenal cortex- SEX hormones - adrenal glands secrete small amounts of sex hormones (androgens) -stimulates development of secondary sex characteristics -sustain libido adrenal glands (MEDULLA) - INNER. part of a SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM