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Samenvatting histologie van de orgaanstelsels: Het immuunstelsel, 2e bachelor biomedische wetenschappen

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Samenvatting histologie van de orgaanstelsels: Het immuunstelsel 2e bachelor, 1e semester Biomedische wetenschappen

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Uploaded on
March 18, 2024
Number of pages
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Written in
2022/2023
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Histologie: Het immuunstelsel

Waarom immuunsysteem nodig?

 Externe bedreigingen
 Pollutie
 Bacteriële en virale infecties vb. E.Coli, Salmonella, Helicobacter pylori
 Pollen, huisdieren  allergische reacties
 Interne bedreigingen
 Kanker
 Wondgenezing
 Key-players
 Sentinel cellen: macrofagen, dendritische cellen, mestcellen  stellen vast of er
mogelijke vijanden zijn
 Circulerende cellen: lymfocyten en granulocyten
 Cellen in weefsels

3 hoofdtypen van verdediging

1. Oppervlaktebescherming
 Huid
 Seromuceuze oppervlakken met antibacteriële substanties
 Mucuslaag/cilia thv ademhalingswegen
 Zure omgeving thv maag, vagina, huid belemmert groei van pathogenen
2. Niet-specifieke weefselrespons (aangeboren)
 Neutrofielen/macrofagen bij acute en chronische inflammatie, complementsysteem,
toll-like receptoren
 NK-cellen: doden spontaan, zonder speciale activering tumorcellen of virus-
infecterende cellen
3. Specifieke immuunrespons (verworven)
 Cellulaire immuunrespons : T-lymfocyten (thymus)
 Humorale immuunrespons : B-lymfocyten -> productie antilichamen

Antigenen worden gepresenteerd -> worden herkend door T-helpercellen -> activatie T-
cellen -> cytotoxische cellen gaan aanvallen en verwijderen

Tijdsverloop van de immuunrespons bij infectie

1) Vroege innate respons
 0-4u na infectie
 Herkent dat er mogelijk iets schadelijk aan de gang is
 Initiatie niet-specifieke respons
2) Vroege geïnduceerde respons
 4-96u na infectue
 Preciezere herkenning microbe
 Initiatie inflammatoire respons
3) Adaptieve immuunrespons
 >96u na infectie
 Transport naar lymfoid weefsel
 Specifieke identificatie microbe
 Cellulaire en humorale reactie
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