APES QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2024

APES QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2024 Three Mile Island -most significant accident in history of USA commerce o -nuclear energy generating industry -accident released 2.5 mil of radio active gases -plant claimed no deaths but studies show increase in lung cancer and leukemia George Perkins -wrote "man and nature" -Americans 1st environmentalist -1st to raise concerns about the destructive impact of humans -concerned about deforestation can lead to desertification Henry David Thoreau -naturalist, surveyor, & transcendentalist -anticipated method and findings of ecology and environmental history -interested in the idea of survival in the face of hostile elements, historical change, and natural decay. Aldo Leopold -author, scientist, forester, environmentalist, and ecologist -leading person on wildlife management -started his own environmental restoration next to the Wisconsin river -wanted to protect the wilderness from hunting and recreation usage -published "Sand County Almanac" -was tied to nature & ethics Cuyahoga River -oil slick and debris caught fire in the river in Cleveland, Ohio. -drew national attention to the environmental problems in the U.S. -lasted 30 minutes & 50k's in damage -unclear about what caused the fire -1952 river fire caused over 1.5 million dollars in damage -helped lead to the passage of the "clean water act" in 1972 Richard Nixon -created the EPS Rachel Carson -author of "Silent Spring" -marine biologist who published pamphlets and books that urged for conservation of natural resources -believed that human beings were but one part of nature distinguished primarily by their power to alter it irreversibly -inspired the creation of the environmental protection agency "EPS" London's Killer Smog -also called "the great smog of '52" -there was no wind, so it lingered for days -December 5-9, 1952 -12,000 died prematurely and 100,000 due to respiratory problems -lead to the "Clean Air Act" of 1956 Minamata, Japan -investigations uncover mercury contamination -2,265 total victims -mercury poisoning from eating fish from the water BP Oil Spill -offshore deep water oil drilling situated in the the gulf of mexico had a blowout on April 20, 2010 which caused a massive explosion -riser pipe ruptured -80 km from shore -sealed with a cap and then with concrete Giffored Pinchot -involved with national forest commission -traveled through the west investigating forests for forest reserves -named chief of division of forestry -father of american conservation John Muir --lost sight in one eye, but when he regained vision, he dedicated his life to saving forest life -persuaded president teddy Roosevelt to set aside 148 million acres of land to be preserved as forest land and national parks -created and became the president of the sierra club, which purpose was to preserve and open up a way to the sierra Nevada mountains Exxon Valdez Oil Spill -one of the most publicized and studied environmental tragedies in histories -march 23, 1989 -carried 53 million gallons of crude oil -tanker headed for long beach, CA -ran into Bligh Reef, spilling 10.8 gallons of oil -large number of living things died -took place in prince William Sound, Alaska Chernobyl -known as the world's most serious nuclear plant accident -April 26, 1986 2 simultaneous explosions in one of 4 reactors in Ulcrain power plant -caused a fire that burned for 10 days -caused 350,000 people to abandon their homes -a range from 9,000 to 1 million have died from Radion and birth defects -initial explosion released a radioactive cloud that spread over the whole planet Love Canal -William Love envisioned a canal connecting the Niagara rive to lake Ontario; never finished -Niagara falls city school district needed land for schools even though they were warned of the toxic waste beneath the surface, they bought it anyways -25 ft. area crumbled explosion toxic chemicals -chemicals leaked into basements Bhopal Gas Tragedy --leak of methyl isocynate gas and other chemicals from the plant resulted in exposure of 100,000s of people -gases caused visible damage to the trees. -contributing factors- lack of skilled operations, reduction of safety management, insufficient maintenance, and inadequacy emergency action plans Ronald Reagan -signed 43 bills designating more than 10 million acres of wilderness in 27 states -signed more wilderness bills than any other president -ordered the negotiation of a treaty to begin phasing out ozone depleting chemicals- resulted in mot real protocol George W. Bush -withdrew troops from the Kyoto protocol because it was unfairly targeted toward the U.S. but lenient toward developing countries -2003 he signed healthy forests initiative -clear skies initiate 2003 -signed great lakes act of 2002 (clean up pollution in lakes & other waterways) Rosalie Edge -New York socialite, suffragist, and birdwatcher --strong advocate for species preservation -established the Emergency Conservation Committee -founded 1st preserve for birds of prey -U.S. militant conservationist -helped created Olympic National park Bob Marshall -American forester, writer, and wilderness activist -founded the wilderness society which later fostered the wilderness act that protected 9 million acres of federal land Franklin D. Roosevelt -created more effective uses for natural resources -created Civilian Conservation Corps which planted trees and made parks -Created Tennessee Valley Authority which created dams along major rivers including the Hoover Dam -Created the Soil Conservation Act which helped stop erosion problems Bill Clinton -appointed environmental leaders to key positions -vetoed most anti-environment bills passed by congress -required SUV's to have the same emission standards as cars -Protected more public land as national monuments that any other president Teddy Roosevelt -President during the Golden Age of Conservation -persuaded congress to give the president power to designate public land as federal wildlife refugees -created the U.S. forest service -antiquities act: protected historical areas as national monuments -added 35 reserves in 1 year -more than tripled the size of national forest reserves