AQA GCSE Design and Technology - Product Design Practice Exam 2024.

Why does product evolution occur? - correct answer Continuous improvement Market pull Technology push Social/cultural needs Political/environmental needs What is market pull? - correct answer Designing to satisfy the needs and wants of customers - costumer demand Changing fashions and social attitudes affect what people want and it isn't always the same Give an example of market pull - correct answer A car is designed to get you from A to B but they have become a status symbol and luxury extras such as seat-back TV screens are added What is technology push? - correct answer Research and development leads to new technologies, materials and manufacturing techniques New technology can make a product cheaper, perform its function better or be nicer-looking Give an example of technology push - correct answer Computers started as a hude 'adding machines' but now microchips allow for small, fast and powerful machienes What is continuous improvement? - correct answer Manufactures want to make more money, increase profit They improve the design do they can be made more easily 'continuous improvement' They make them as good as possible to make money, be competitive and meet standards of product quality What alternative reasons can a product evolve for? - correct answer Social or cultural needs (For example, wind-up radios for Africans so they could listen to educational broadcasts about health concerns) Political or environmental needs (For example, the need for environmentally friendly products such as hybrid engine cars that are more efficient) Name the features of the Arts and Crafts movement - correct answer Founded by William Morris Bases on patterns found in nature Upright and angular Made by made and skilled craftsmen Name the features of the Art Nouveau movement - correct answer Designers include Louis C.Tiffany Flowing and curvy designs They use floral or insect motifs Name the features of the Art Deco movement - correct answer Inspired by African and Egyptian art Bold colours, zigzag and stepped shapes, bold sweeping curves and the sunset motif Example is the Chrysler building in New York Name the features of the Bauhaus movement - correct answer Movement from Germany Has the motto 'form follows function' Function is most important and appearance is second It is futuristic, simplistic and used mass production methods Uses chrome tubing and black leather Name the features of the De Stijl movement - correct answer Dutch modernist movemnt Basic - uses simple shapes, horizontal and vertical lines The three primary colous only Well known example is Gerrit Rietveld's Red and Blue chair Name the features of the postmodernism movement - correct answer Rejected 'form follows function' Put style as the focus point of design Memphis used bright, contrasting colours and different materials Some styles contain kitsch and minimalism What are human factors? - correct answer Addressing different needs and values of target groups Disabled users Cultural and religious values Age groups Ergonomics Anthropometrics Explain how products can be changed for disabled users - correct answer Some packaging has Braille for blind users Buttons can be made bigger and brighter so they are easier to press and find Products such as smoke alarms can have visible signals as well as audio ones so deaf people are alerted to fires Instructions can be given in picture or diagram form so people with difficulty reading text can use the product Wheelchair access must be designed into busses, trains and working stations (like atms) Explain how products can be changed to suit cultural and religious values - correct answer You can cater for their dietary needs Create products to suit a particular custom or celebration - like Diwali uses lights Cultures can use things differently, the Japanese custom is to eat at a low table on the floor Clothing styles can vary, it could be inappropriate to wear revealing clothing Colours can have different meaning - Chinese brides wear red for example Explain how products can be changed with respect to age groups - correct answer Small children or the elderly may not be able to manipulate small parts such as tricky fastenings or open packaging Elderly and infirm people may have trouble holding and using products so you could make easy grip handles What are ergonomics? - correct answer How easy and comfortable a product is to use, efficiency in use Why are ergonomics important? - correct answer To fit the size and proportions of the user It improves safety, comfort and efficiency Long-term damage to health can be caused by badly-designed products Give an example of ergonomic design - correct answer A chair seat must be the right height off the ground and support the persons back in the right places What are anthropometrics? - correct answer The study of human body measurements used to make products of the right size and shape How are anthropometrics used in design? - correct answer Designers use them to cater for 90% of their target market They use percentiles between the 5th and 95th in their design so it is suitable for most users If you lie outside of the 90% you need to have products custom-made Give an example of the use of anthropometric data - correct answer Tennis racket handles width needs to fit the size of the average hand Football t-shirts should be made for the average torso, arm and neck sizes What is a design brief and what does it include? - correct answer A statement of what a product should do, a starting point What kind of product is needed and why How the product will be used Functions and properties it should have Who the product is for (target market) What is the point in carrying out research? - correct answer To find if your product is needed/wanted To find what people like/dislike about the design To be inspired by existing designs To find out what materials, components and techniques would be suitable for your design To know manufacturing and selling costs What is market research? - correct answer To find peoples likes/dislikes and understand the needs/wants of your target market What is product analysis? - correct answer Examining an existing product by disassembling it Finding out how it was made and works See the good and bad features Know the size and weight of the product Know how it tastes, feels, looks or smells (sensory analysis) How do you draw conclusions from research? - correct answer Summarise your findings Explain how that is applied to your design What is design specification? - correct answer It gives certain conditions the product must meet - often known as design criteria and take account of research findings What does design specification involve? - correct answer ACCESS FM Aesthetics Customer Cost Environment Size Sustainanility Function Materials What are the three main design methods? - correct answer Systems approach Empirical problem solving Intuitive designing What are the features of a systems approach design method? - correct answer Breaking down the design process into different stages and carrying out each step in turn It is orderly and reliable What are the features of an empirical problem solving design method? - correct answer Using trial and error to develop a good design Making prototypes of different designs to find which works best Each prototype should evolve from the best in order to be improved What are the features of intuitive designing as a design method? - correct answer Those with lot of experience can make good guesses about what designs will work best They use intuition