HOSA behavioral health knowledge Exam Questions and Answers

HOSA behavioral health knowledge Exam Questions and Answers Central Nervous system (CNS) - Answer- includes the brain and spinal cord brainstem - Answer- contains midbrain, medulla, and pons medulla - Answer- controls vital body functions ex: heart rate, breathing pons - Answer- control the management of sleep, arousal, facial expression cerebellum - Answer- maintaining balance and motor coordination cerebellum - Answer- contains more neurons than the rest of the brain midbrain - Answer- controls sensory reflexes, movement, pain reticular formation - Answer- controls mood, arousal, sleep; major source of serotonin and norepinephrine thalamus - Answer- controls sensation, memory, states of consciousness; receives sensory input from most systems basal ganglia - Answer- voluntary movement; degeneration in Parkinson's, also involved in OCD and ADHD hypothalamus - Answer- involved w/ motivation and homeostasis; regulates temperature, hunger thirst; directs ANS and endocrine system hippocampus - Answer- formation of long term memories cingulate cortex - Answer- directs ANS; plays role in decision making, emotion, anticipation of reward, empathy amygdala - Answer- fear and aggression nucleus accumbens - Answer- reward and pleasure corpus callosum - Answer- connects hemispheres cerebral cortex - Answer- thin layer of gray matter covering cerebral hemispheres frontal lobe - Answer- primary motor cortex and areas responsible for most complex cognitive processes Broca's area - Answer- speech production in left hemisphere prefrontal cortex - Answer- planning behavior, attention, and judgement orbitofrontal cortex - Answer- emotion, impulse control occipital lobe - Answer- primary visual cortex temporal lobe - Answer- primary auditory cortex parietal lobe - Answer- primary somatosensory cortex (involved in neglect syndrome) lateralization - Answer- localization of function in one of the hemispheres (Ex: language lateralized in the left hemisphere) Peripheral Nervous System - Answer- nerves and ganglia outside the CNS; contains somatic and autonomic nervous systems somatic nervous system - Answer- transmits commands for voluntary movement autonomic nervous system - Answer- controls glands and organs; contains sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system sympathetic nervous system - Answer- fight or flight; expenditure of energy parasympathetic nervous system - Answer- rest and digest; storage of energy enteric nervous system - Answer- nerve cells embedded in lining of gastrointestinal system; communicates with endocrine system; source of 95% of boys serotonin