RD Study Prep: Nutrient, Energy Needs, and Feeding Patterns Throughout the Lifespan (Domain 1A) Exam Questions and Answers 100% pass

RD Study Prep: Nutrient, Energy Needs, and Feeding Patterns Throughout the Lifespan (Domain 1A) Exam Questions and Answers 100% pass Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) - Answer- Recommended values for prevention of deficiencies and diseases in health populations Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) - Answer- Average daily intake that is sufficient to meet the nutrient needs of nearly all (97-98%) of healthy individuals in a particular subgroup Adequate Intake (AI) - Answer- Used when there is not enough evidence to determine RDA. AI is a set at a level that assumes nutritional adequacy. Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) - Answer- Highest level of daily nutrient intake that is likely not to pose any risk of adverse health effects. Used in the general population. Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) - Answer- Intake that is estimated to meet the needs of half of healthy individuals in a specific group based on age and sex. Used for populations, not individuals Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for Children 1-3 years - Answer- Carbohydrates: 45-65% Proteins: 5-20% Fats: 30-40% Alpha-Linolenic Acid (n-3): 0.6-1.2% Linolenic Acid (n-6): 5-10% Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for Children 4-18 years - Answer- Carbohydrates: 45-65% Proteins: 10-30% Fats: 25-35% Alpha-Linolenic Acid (n-3): 0.6-1.2% Linolenic Acid (n-6): 5-10% Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for Adults >19 years - Answer- Carbohydrates: 45-65% Proteins: 10-35% Fats: 20-35% Alpha-Linolenic Acid (n-3): 0.6-1.2% Linolenic Acid (n-6): 5-10% Pregnancy - Answer- Progesterone/Estrogen: Hormones that promote glycogen and nutrient storage in the uterus. Expands blood vessels and connective tissue growth. Proper nutrition ensures a healthy normal birth weight between 5.5 and 8.8 pounds or grams. Normal gestation is 40 weeks. Weight gain recommendations are based on pre-pregnancy BMI. PICA: desire to eat non-nutritive foods including clay, dirt, ice, soap, chalk. Often associated with iron-deficiency anemia. Anemia should be corrected during pregnancy to prevent low iron stores in infants. Bone mineralization halts during pregnancy and returns when menses starts after lactation has ended. Mothers intake of dietary calcium goes to building baby's bone in utero and supplying breastmilk its calcium during lactation. Less than 200mg of caffeine/d. The average cup of coffee contains 95mg caffeine. Nutrition-related risk factors for pregnancy include poverty, alcohol and drug use, smoking cigarettes, pre-pregnancy weight (under or over), mother's age ≤ 15 years, inadequate or excessive weight gain, chronic disease like DM, and low education level. Teen mothers have increased energy needs, calcium needs (1300mg/d). They are at higher risk to have low birth weight babies and gain inadequate weight during pregnancy. Weight Gain During Pregnancy Based on BMI - Answer- Pre-pregnancy weight status: Underweight BMI: <18.5 Recommended Total Weight Gain: 28-40 lbs 2nd & 3rd Trimester Weight Gain: 1.0 lb/wk