Human Systems Bio 20 Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

Human Systems Bio 20 Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass Salivary glands - Answer- Secretes starch digesting enzymes Liver - Answer- Manufactures bile that that facilitates digestion of fats Gall bladder - Answer- Stores bile till needed Pancreas - Answer- Manufactures enzymes to digest macromolecules; secretes bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid that enters small intestine Mouth - Answer- Chews and mixes food with saliva Esophagus - Answer- Directs food from mouth to stomach Stomach - Answer- Adds acid, enzymes, and fluid; churns mixes, and grinds food to a liquid mass Small intestine - Answer- Secretes enzymes that digest macromolecules; absorbs hydrolyzed molecules into blood stream Large intestine - Answer- Absorbs water and salts; passes remaining undigested material and some water out of body Rectum - Answer- Stores waste prior to elimination Anus - Answer- Holds rectum closed; opens to allow elimination Macromolecules - Answer- A large, complex assembly of organic molecules; four categories of macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids Dehydration synthesis - Answer- Chemical reaction that results in the formation of a covalent bond between two subunit molecules by the removal of an -OH (hydroxyl) group from one subunit and a hydrogen atom from the other subunit; essentially, a molecule of water (H2o) Is removed) Hydrolysis - Answer- Chemical reaction in which the addition of a water molecule cleaves a macromolecule into subunits; one hydrogen atom from water is attached to one subunit and a hydroxyl group is bonded to the other subunit, breaking a covalent bond in the macromolecule Carbohydrates - Answer- Organic macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio; ex include monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides Lipid - Answer- Group of organic macromolecules, including fats, oils, phospholipids, and steroids, that is insoluble in water, but soluble in a non-polar organic substance Nucleic acids - Answer- Macromolecules formed from a long chain of nucleotide subunits, each consisting of a 5 carbon simple sugar, a nitrogen-containing base, and a phosphate group; two types include DNA and RNA Nucleotide - Answer- Units making up nucleic acids Protein - Answer- Organic macromolecules assembled from subunits of amino acids Peptide bond - Answer- Bond between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another in a protein Pepsin - Answer- A Protein digesting enzyme secreted in the stomach; remains inactive until hydrochloric acid is present Amino acid - Answer- An organic compound consisting of a carboxylic acid group , and amino group and any various side groups linked together by peptide bonds to form proteins Carbohydrase - Answer- Enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of carbohydrates CCK - Answer- Cholecystokinin; one of 3 enzymes(including secretin and GIP) secreted into the bloodstream by the duodenum, causing inhibition of stomach movement and secretions, and enabling fatty meals to remain in the stomach longer then nonfatty meals also stimulates increased pancreatic secretions of digestive enzymes and gall bladder contractions Coenzyme - Answer- A chemical needed to make enzymes function Denature - Answer- To alter the natural structural state of molecules such as nucleic acids and proteins , thereby disrupting their biological activity Digestive system - Answer- The system into which food is taken and broken down so that useful substances can be absorb