NSG 221 Exam 2 - Questions and Answers

NSG 221 Exam 2 - Questions and Answers Mourning Rituals Mourning is the outward expression of grief. Rituals of mourning include having a wake, sitting shiva, holding religious ceremonies, and arranging funerals. Physiologic Loss Examples include amputation of a limb, a mastectomy or hysterectomy, or loss of mobility. Safety Loss Loss of a safe environment is evident in domestic violence, child abuse, or public violence. A person's home should be a safe haven with trust that family members will provide protection, not harm or violence. Some public institutions, such as schools and churches, are often associated with safety as well. That feeling of safety is shattered when violence occurs on campus or in a holy place. Loss of Security and a Sense of Belonging The loss of a loved one affects the need to love and the feeling of being loved. Loss accompanies changes in relationships, such as birth, marriage, divorce, illness, and death; as the meaning of a relationship changes, a person may lose roles within a family or group. Loss of Self-Esteem Any change in how a person is valued at work or in relationships or by him or herself can threaten self-esteem. It may be an actual change or the person's perception of a change in value. Death of a loved one, a broken relationship, loss of a job, and retirement are examples of change that represent loss and can result in a threat to self-esteem. Loss Related to Self-Actualization An external or internal crisis that blocks or inhibits striving toward fulfillment may threaten personal goals and individual potential. A person who wanted to go to college, write books, and teach at a university reaches a point in life when it becomes evident that those plans will never materialize or a person loses hope that he or she will find a mate and have children. These are losses that the person will grieve. Kubler-Ross Name of 5 Stages 1. Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance Kubler-Ross 5 Stages of Grief: Denial 1. Denial is shock and disbelief regarding the loss. Kubler-Ross 5 Stages of Grief: Anger 2. Anger may be expressed toward God, relatives, friends, or health care providers. Kubler-Ross 5 Stages of Grief: Bargaining 3. Bargaining occurs when the person asks God or fate for more time to delay the inevitable loss. Kubler-Ross 5 Stages of Grief: Depression 4. Depression results when awareness of the loss becomes acute. Kubler-Ross 5 Stages of Grief: Acceptance 5. Acceptance occurs when the person shows evidence of coming to terms with death. This model became a prototype for care providers as they looked for ways to understand and assist their clients in the grieving process. Engel Name of 5 Stages of Loss 1. Shock and Disbelief 2. Developing Awareness 3. Restitution 4. Resolution of Loss 5. Recovery Engel Stages of Loss: Shock & Belief 1. Shock and disbelief: The initial reaction to a loss is a stunned, numb feeling accompanied by refusal to acknowledge the reality of the loss in an attempt to protect the self against overwhelming stress. Engel Stages of Loss: Developing Awareness 2. Developing awareness: As the individual begins to acknowledge the loss, there may be crying, feelings of helplessness, frustration, despair, and anger that can be directed at self or others, including God or the deceased person. Engel Stages of Loss: Restitution 3. Restitution: Participation in the rituals associated with death, such as a funeral, wake, family gathering, or religious ceremonies that help the individual accept the reality of the loss and begin the recovery process. Engel Stages of Loss: Resolution of Loss 4. Resolution of the loss: The individual is preoccupied with the loss, the lost person or object is idealized, and the mourner may even imitate the lost person. Eventually, the preoccupation decreases, usually in a year or perhaps more.