PEDS ATI Elaborated Questions with Approved Answers 2024.

PEDS ATI Elaborated Questions with Approved Answers 2024. Acute Infectious Gastrointestinal Disorders: Caring for a Child Who Has Rotavirus ROTAVIRUS-Viral infection -Manifestations: *Most common cause of diarrhea in children younger than 5 *Affects children of all ages *Fever *Onset of foul-smelling, watery stools *Diarrhea for 5 to 7 days *Vomiting for approx 2 days -Transmission: *fecal-oral -Incubation period: *48 hrs TEST: Enzyme immunoassay (stool sample) NURSING CARE: *Obtain baseline height/weight *Weigh at the same time everyday *AVOID taking rectal temp *Assess and monitor I&O (urine and stool) *Initiate IV fluids as ordered *ORAL REHYDRATION THERAPY STEPS 1. Start replacement with an oral replacement solution (ORS) of 75 to 90 sodium mEq/L at 40 to 50 mL/kg over 4 HOURS. 2. Determine the need for further rehydration after initial replacement. 3. Initiate maintenance therapy with ORS of 40 to 60 sodium mEq/L and limit to 150 mL/kg/day. (Give ORS alternately with appropriate intake.) (Give infants water, treat milk, lactose-free formula if supplementary fluid is needed.) (Older children may resume their regular diets for additional intake.) 4. REPLACE EACH DIARRHEAL STOOL WITH 10 mL/kg OF ORS FOR ONGOING DIARRHEA! Education: -Vaccinate! -Prevent skin breakdown -Child should stay home during incubation period -Foods and fluids to AVOID: ! Fruit juices, carbonated sodas, gelatin ! Caffeine ! Chicken or beef broth ! Bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast (BRAT diet) Preventative measures: -Wash bed sheets -Proper hygiene (especially after using bathroom/changing diapers) -Clean toys (keep separate) -AVOID shaking linens -Shower frequently -AVOID undercooked and under refrigerated foods -Clip nails and discourage nail biting and thumb sucking -Clean bathroom/don't share utensils or dishes Acute and Infectious Respiratory Illnesses: Dietary Choices Following a Tonsillectomy -Encourage clear liquids and fluids after a return of gag reflex -AVOID red and orange dye -AVOID milk products, NO ice cream -AVOID citrus juice -AVOID straws-causes damage -Advance diet with soft, bland foods (look up foods they can have) Diaper dermatitis Remove the soiled diaper. Clean urine from the perineal area with a nonirritating cleanser. Expose the affected area to air. Use superabsorbent disposable diapers to reduce skin exposure. apply skin barriers such as Zinc oxide and do not wash it off with each diaper change.