NOVA: Hunting the Elements exam with 100% correct answers already graded A+

there are ___ unique substances (elements) 118 all the gold ever mined would fit into a single cube about __ feet on one side 60 three-quarters of the elements are ___ metals how an atom chemically reacts depends on how willing it is to share ___ with others electrons how much would a 60 pound block of gold be worth in dollars? $1.5 million list two things copper is used for electronics and building infrastructures when copper is combined with another element, ___, it makes bronze, the first man-made metal alloy tin the number of ___ determines what kind of element the atom is protons the number of protons s called the atomic ___ and it's the fundamental organizing principle of every table of the elements number metals are shiny, malleable materials that conduct ___ electricity most people think of ___ as white and chalky, but it's actually a silver, shiny metal calcium old bowls get their orange color from ___, and it's actually dangerously radioactive uranium the table organizes the elements by atomic number, yet the creator of the periodic table, ___ ___, knew nothing about protons or atomic numbers Dimitri Mendelev the group that fits neatly onto the end of the table, the ___ ___, are unwilling to mix with other elements, to react with them noble gases protons may determine the identity of an element, but ___ rule its reactivity electrons an atom with ___ electrons in its outer shell make one happy, satisfied atom 8 the column just before the stable noble gases are called the ___. they have an outer shell that needs just one more electron to be full halogens the ___ metals are the first column. each of them has full shells, plus one electron sitting in a new outer shell alkai the ion chromatograph looks for positively or negatively charged molecules, called ___, in the residue, fragments of the original chemical explosive ion every time atoms form a new bond, the reaction releases ___ energy how do you speed up a fire to create an explosion? you regulate the amount of ___ and how closely it's packed together with other elements oxygen the oxygen that powers all those explosions makes up ___% of our atmosphere it's the most abundant element in the earth's crust 21 what six elements make life possible? CHNOPS (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur) list two ways that carbon is found in its pure form diamond or graphite your body composition is about ___% carbon and ___% nitrogen 18, 3 hydrogen and oxygen can actually be separated from water using a little bit of ___ electricity in s person's body, there's about ___% oxygen 65 phosphorus is actually involved in something really important called ___, which is the molecule that all cells use for energy ATP phosphorus makes up about ___% of the human body. it was the first element isolated from a living creature 1 altogether just those six CHNOPS elements make up 97% of the weight of a body, but what about the other 3%? those are what's called the ___ elements trace ___ is important for energy metabolism zinc ___ is an important part of nervous system function sodium in total, the human body uses more than ___ elements in ways and quantities that are unique to us 25 as the planet cooled, another ancient microorganism evolved and changed everything. they are called cyanobacteria, but we know them all ___-___ ___. they found a way to get their energy from light and water, releasing oxygen as a byproduct, just like modern plants do blue-green algae around 90% of all atoms in the universe are ___, and they were all made by the Big Bang, more than 13 billion years ago hydrogen stars like our own sun are constantly turning hydrogen atoms into element number two: helium. it's a process called ___ fusion by the time it's fusing iron, a star is in its death throes. it begins to collapse, and if it's massive enough, that collapse leads to a powerful explosion called a ___ supernova