Pathophysiology Final Exam Review - Multiple Choice Questions and Answers(graded A)

Pathophysiology Final Exam Review - Multiple Choice Questions and Answers(graded A) A 25 year old female with type 1 diabetes mellitus presents to an outpatient medical clinic complaining of thirst, frequent urination, and weakness. She feels "lightheaded" when she stands. Because of nausea and vomiting after a meal in a restauraunt the previous day, she stopped eating and taking her insulin. On examination, she is dehydrated and hypotensive. Her breathing is rapid and deep. Considering this patient's case, dehydration and hypotension are __________ of her clinical disorder; her thirst, frequent urination, and weakness are _________ of her endocrine imbalance. A. signs, sequelae B. symptoms, signs C. signs, symptoms D. sequelae, signs E. sequalae, symptoms -ANSWER C. signs, symptoms Normal reference laboratory values: A. are always tightly controlled with a narrow range B. are fixed values that do not vary within individuals C. are always loosely controlled within a wide range D. may differ from one population to another E. apply only to healthy adults -ANSWER D. may differ from one population to another All of the following are considered to be single gene autosomal recessive disorders except: A. Phenylketonuria B. Neurofibromatosis C. Tay-Sachs Disease D. Cystic Fibrosis -ANSWER B. Neurofibromatosis An individual born with Cystic Fibrosis has: A. a loss of spinal motor neurons B. an abnormal development of the Basal Ganglia C. a deficiency of the enzyme Phenylalanine Hydroxylase D. an extra copy of Chromosome 21 E. an abnormal accumulation of Viscid Mucus in the Bronchi -ANSWER E. an abnormal accumulation of Viscid Mucus in the Bronchi Klinefelter Syndrome results from an absence of all or part of the X Chromosome, whereas Turner Syndrome results from one or more additional X chromosomes in excess of the normal XY chromosomal complement A. True B. False -ANSWER B. False An environmental agent that produces abnormalities during embryonic development is known as a _________ A. Mitogen B. Cytokine C. Kinin D. Teratogen E. Growth Factor -ANSWER D. Teratogen Which of the following Leukocytes is the first cell recruited to an acute inflammatory site? A. Neutrophil B. Esinophil C. Basophil D. Macrophage -ANSWER A. Neutrophil Which of the following of Stages of Fever is clinically defined by the initiation of sweating? A. Flush B. Chill C. Defervescence D. Prodromal Period -ANSWER C. Defervescence Which of the following most accurately describes the effect that Hypoxia has on a cell? A. Hypoxia stimulates aerobic metabolism, increasing the cellular ATP production B. Hypoxia impairs the function of the Na+/K+ -ATPase pump, which leads to an increase in intracellular [Na+] and [H2O], and a decrease in intracellular [K+] C. Hypoxia induces an increase in cellular pH as the cell reverts to anaerobic metabolism, yielding lactic acid C. Hypoxia impairs the function of the Na+/K+ -ATPase pump, which leads to a de