Psychology 110: Exam 3 (100% correct and graded A+)

Personality - Answer-characteristics, emotional responses, ways individual responds to environment; differs across individuals & relatively consistent across time What are the building blocks of personality? - Answer-Traits! What are 3 theories of personality? - Answer-1) Biological 2) Developmental- attachment, Freudian, social learning 3) Humanist- we differ in our choices, goals, potential Trait - Answer-characteristic or stable pattern of thought, feeling, behavior; building blocks of personality (structuralist notion) Trait approach - Answer-approach to studying personality that focuses on how individuals differ in personality dispositions Five-factor theory - Answer--DESCRIPTIVE THEORY!!!! idea that personality can be described using 5 factors: openness to experience, conscientious, agreeableness, extraversion, and neuroticism Big 5: OCEAN of personality - Answer-*openness to experience*:imaginative vs. down to earth, variety vs routine, independent vs conforming *conscientiousness*: organized v disorganized, careful vs careless, self-disciplines vs. weak-willed *agreeableness*: softhearted vs ruthless, trusting vs. suspicious, helpful vs. uncooperative *extraversion*: social vs retiring, fun-loving vs sober, affectionate vs reserved *neuroticism*: worried vs calm, insecure vs secure, self-pitying vs. self-satisfiedWhen would we use the BIG 5? - Answer-- when describing others-especially those we aren't close to -when describing ourselves -these dimensions found across cultures! What was Hippocrates' influence on theories of personality? - Answer--first person to lay out a theory -thought balance of 4 "humours" in body responded to 4 personality types: Theory of Temperamentum Hippocrates' Theory of Temperamentum - Answer--black bile: melancholy/sad -yellow bile: choleric/angry -phlegm: phlegmatic/lethargic -blood: sanguine/cheerful Why was the Theory of Temperamentum significant? - Answer-1) thought people differed in categorical ways 2) thought this had a biological basis 3) led to study of temperament Temperament - Answer-differences in emotional responding that vary across individuals & have biological basis -highly heritable aspect of emotional responding -measured in infancy What are the 3 basic characteristics that can be considered temperaments? - Answer-1) activityamount of energy/behavior person exhibits 2) emotionality- intensity of emotional reactions 3) sociability- tendency to affiliate with others Inhibited temperament - Answer-fear/shyness; can be measured in wombIs one's temperament stable? - Answer-YES, but can also change- inhibited can become uninhibited Biological trait theory - Answer-Eysenck -personality traits had 3 major dimensions: introversion/extraversion, emotional stability, constraint -differences in introversion/extraversion due to AROUSABILITY Introversion - Answer--how shy, reserved, quiet a person is -higher arousability, so they avoid external stimulation (Ex. higher responsiveness in heart rate to same stimulation-seek less) Extraversion - Answer--how sociable, outgoing, bold person is -low arousability, so they seek external stimulation (Ex. lower heart rate reactivity to stimulationseek more) Emotional stability - Answer-variability in person's moods & emotions Constraint - Answer-mix of agression, poor impulse control, self-centeredness, lack of empathy (AKA controlling impulses vs not generally controlling them)