HISTORY OF CHICAGO FINAL EXAM | QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (VERIFIED) | LATEST UPDATE | GRADED A+

1 HISTORY OF CHICAGO FINAL EXAM | QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (VERIFIED) | LATEST UPDATE | GRADED A+ What was the appeal of isolationism in Chicago in World War I? Correct Answer: an ethnic alignment in the city and many immigrants that did not want to fight against their relatives from Europe. Each ethnic group had reasons to oppose Allies or support the Central Power. Why did the debate over the war cause friction for the city of Chicago? Correct Answer: Many in Chicago saw the war was an American tradition while others found it extremely unethical. Why were some of the cities ethnic groups either sympathetic to the Central Power or hostile to the Allies? Correct Answer: Irish, Germans, Austrians and Jews from Russia (Central Power) were against helping out the Allies due to the past mistreatment each group had experienced from those apart of the Allies. Polish, Czechs and Serbs plus many Yankees were pro-war. Why did Mayor Big Bill Thompson oppose the war? What impact did he have on Chicago? 2 Correct Answer: because he wanted to call for economic neutrality, which meant either trading equally on both sides or not trade with either of them at all. He would host neutrality conferences and rallies. He also was a believer in that this was not a war for Chicagoans to worry about and was truly the "federal government's war". The impact he has on Chicago during this time was that he saw a political advantage during the war. He maintains his stance of neutrality with the thought that it was too late to move away from isolationism for him. He denounces the draft and allows for pacifist meetings to occur which leads to his reelection in 1919. How did the nation and its government try to enforce loyalty to the war after the US joined the conflict? Correct Answer: CPI (Creel Committee) did what they could to convince the American people to support the war through making posters to almost guilt trip citizens to want to support and fight the war, Uncle Sam was a big player in this game to get more pro-war supporters. The national also implements Liberty Loans which meant that they allowed countries to borrow money for war equipment. The draft registration sweep also played a role in enforcing loyalty as many were drafted the minute they turned eighteen. What was the Great Migration? What forces helped push it forward during World War I? Correct Answer: The Great Migration was the black exodus to the North to Chicago through the IL Central railroad since problems in the south such as segregation, poor treatment, and poorly paid jobs pushed many blacks to the north. 3 What was life like in Chicago's Black Belt? Correct Answer: Life in Chicago's Black Belt was overcrowded and lead to a unified pressure for those living there to remove themselves from the area since the Black Belt was often to be considered to be the ghetto of Chicago. What caused the 1919 riot? What impact did it have? Correct Answer: A young African American man swam to the "white" side of the lake on the "white" side of the beach. The whites on the beach retaliated his presence by throwing rocks at him which causes him to fall unconscious and drown. Many rioted in response to this news as the 1919 race riot was just part of many riots happening across America. The riot resulted in 38 dead: 23 black and 15 white which means that the blacks of Chicago fought back and were able to kill some whites. This began an issue that Chicago was going have to deal with for now on. What were some problems the town experienced during the Great Depression? Correct Answer: Some of the problems the town experienced during the Great Depression was the tax strike against Big Bill Thompson as well as the 1932 debacle where education is extremely underfunded and teachers were not getting paid for months. What as the problem of the city's schools in 1932? 4 Correct Answer: Education was poorly funded and teachers were not getting paid for months. What was the Memorial Day Massacre? Why was it significant? Correct Answer: the result of twenty-five thousand steel workers had walking away from their jobs as SWOC held a mass meeting of workers and their supporters at Sam's Cafe, which served as a union command post for the Republic Steel strikers. Activists led a march of 1,000-2,500 unionists to the gates of the Republic Steel mill as they met about 50 Chicago police officers and demand that they disband. Chicago police began to fire at the protestors leaving 40 shot and 10 dead. It is significant because it quickly developed as a threat to the Democratic machine as democratic leaders facing election in 1939 worried about the new political power of the industrial mass production workforce What caused the city's Democratic machine to arise? Correct Answer: Not only was the discrediting of Big Bill Thompson a factor in the rise of the Machine but the prohibition was a big contributor into the rise of the Democratic machine. Cermak was the mastermind behind the true rise to of the Machine as in 1928 he took over the democratic party. During the prohibition, many immigrants were worried about the prohibition seeing as Chicago precincts would vote themselves dry and many had already done so as an anti-immigrant measure. Cermak quickly sides with the "wets" 5 How did Ed Kelly keep the machine going in the Depression? Correct Answer: Ed Kelly was able to solidify and expand the Machine through his labor support and black support. He not only got along very well with FDR which allowed him to gain New Deal support but he also had support from the Mafia Why was Chicago a stronghold for isolationism before World War II? Correct Answer: due to the fact that many immigrants did not want to fight against family members. Mayor Kelly knew that sooner or later the US would get involved in the war and created the Chicago Commission on National Defense. How did World War II affect Chicago? Correct Answer: supply and demand increased for industrial products making Chicago the home of the Nation's largest factory. Inflation also hit the city during this period. What happened with the Manhattan Project in the city? Correct Answer: mainly took place in a laboratory at University of Chicago to create a massive nuclear weapon. As research and construction of the weapon progressed and it came time to test it on U of Chicago campus, it was decided that they move it someplace more sensible to test the weapon seeing a highly populated city was not idea. How did the war impact the city's black community? 6 Correct Answer: There was a second Great Migration as there was a new demand for labor during WW2. Although there were more blacks being hired and working in Chicago, racism still persisted as when it came to housing whites were still resisting integration. It wasn't until 1947 where restrictive covenants ended. Why did the machine push Ed Kelly aside after the war? Correct Answer: after Pat Nash dies, the corruption in the Machine increases. Kelly reaches out to blacks for political and personal reasons which was wildly unpopular. What problems did the Chicago Machine face in the late Daley years? Correct Answer: the black anger toward Daley. Daley was not doing much to support blacks and later on Hispanics were ignored. Many were worried in the late Daley years of who was going to take over the Daley throne. Who was Michael Bilandic and why did he fail as Chicago's mayor? Correct Answer: Michael Bilandic suggested to the Machine that they should put him in place to temporarily replace Daley but would not actually run. He ends up running and becoming mayor and fails Chicago as he not only was complacent but during the winter storm of 1979 Bilandic had a very incompetent response and an embarrassing speech. After that, Chicagoans are done with him and he loses the 1979 reelection. Who was Jane Byrne and why did she fail as Chicago's mayor? 7 Correct Answer: the first female mayor of Chicago. e had no political base and did not know how to govern. Many teachers, firefighters and CTA workers went on strike. She also creates greater black anger especially on housing How did the actions of Bilandic and Byrne further alienate Chicago's black community from the city's Democratic power structure? Correct Answer: Neither Bilandic and Byrne did anything to support blacks and housing in Chicago. After the snow storm of '79 Bilandic had ordered CTA to completely bypass the black neighborhoods which furthered the anger Blacks had towards the Machine and many protested the insensitivity the Machine had against blacks. Byrne would pit ethnics vs. blacks which angers blacks. Byrne was politically alienating African Americans as she felt that as long as she had a solid white ethnic and middle-class support she could ignore the racial problem in Chicago. The African American community that did support Byrne had noticed this as the administration develop which just made it obvious that she was leaving them out in the cold and resentment had built up against her. What was so ugly about the 1983 mayoral election? Correct Answer: Harold Washington against Bernie Upton quickly turned into a very racist election that gained national attention. Upton would use racist subliminal messages in his campaign such as "Upton for Mayor before it's too late" which led to many rallies surrounding Upton and yelling racial slurs towards African Americans. 8 What helped Harold Washington win the city's mayor's office? Correct Answer: was being against Byrne and Richard M. Daley as they both constituted as the split white vote. Washington had a large African American voter support as well as his personal charisma was a major factor to him winning the mayoral election. What were Council Wars? How was Washington able to win them? Correct Answer: was the political civil war in Chicago. They included symbolic and real fights over the city's budget. Washington was able to win them through the 1986 special aldermanic elections which resulted in a narrow win for Washington and Richard Mell's surrender. Why did Chicago's black movement fall apart after Washington's death? Correct Answer: There was a battle for power after Washington dies that pinned Tim Evans and Eugene Sawyer against each other. Ed Burke became a candidate for mayor versus Sawyer. A journalist hears Burke say in a bathroom that the "n*****s will never get to anything in the city" proved to Chicagoans that there was still a prominent racial issue in the city. What allowed Richard M. Daley to become mayor in 1989? Correct Answer: Ricard M. Daley is able to win the hispanic and black vote. He fulfilled the historic prophecy seeing that many believed the only leader for this city was 9 a Daley. He focuses on the cities issues at the time and focuses on policies on social issues and economics.