GMS 6440 Quiz Review With Correct Answers And Further Elaborations

Cardiac muscle contraction is considered to be voluntary movement. - False; it moves involuntarily In the gastrointestinal tract, smooth muscle is enriched. - True In our body, approximately 8 liters of intestinal juices are secreted into the GI tract daily, but only 100 ml of water is secreted into the feces. - True Normal movement of blood flow in the heart is: left atrium-left ventricle-lung-right atrium-right ventricle. - False; Right atrium-right ventricle-lung-left atrium-left ventricle Normally, humans have 2 lobes in the right lung and 3 lobes in the left lung. - False; 3 lobes in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left lung. In the lung, gas exchange occurs mostly at the alveoli. - True The urinary system is normally composed of two kidneys, two ureters and two bladders. - False; Two kidneys, two ureters and one bladder. Filtered wastes from the glomerulus will move in the following order: Bowman's capsule-proximal tubule-distal tubule-loop of Henle-collecting duct. - False; Bowman's capsule-proximal tubule- loop of Henle-distal tubule-collecting duct. Both endocrine and nervous systems play important roles in controlling the activities of many different organ systems to maintain homeostasis. - True Specificity of hormone action in the target cells is determined by receptors. - True The area of nerve axon not wrapped by myelin sheath (non-myelinated area) is called nodes of Ranvier where action potential is insulated. - False; Myelin sheath insulates action potential. Action potential propagates faster by skipping myelinated axon, and jumping from nodes of Ranvier to another node. What chemical component of the plasma membrane prevents ions from readily and freely moving across the membrane? - Lipids (phospholipids) Where is the concentration of [K+] greater: - Cytoplasm Across a cell's plasma membrane, movement of water is _______________. - passive through a channel Where is the concentration of [Na+] greater: - in the extracellular fluid For a neutrally charged molecule, "Active" transport means that the molecules move across a membrane: - from low concentration to high concentration What molecule is the source of energy for primary active transport to occur? - ATP (adenosine triphosphate) There is only one type of channel in cell membranes. - False; Ligand-gated, Voltage-gated, Leak, Stretch-activated Regarding primary active transport, solutes move from a compartment of low concentration to a compartment of high concentration. - True Regarding secondary active transport of glucose, the movement of glucose is from a compartment of high concentration to a compartment of low concentration. - False; Low to High All transport through membrane channels is classified as "Active" transport. - False; can be passive or active Electrolytes are pumped and leak across cell membranes simultaneously but independently. - True At what point in time does the electrochemical equilibrium potential exist? - At equilibrium What is a major factor that regulates an electrolyte's electrochemical equilibrium potential across a cell membrane? - Concentration (chemical) gradient The electrochemical equilibrium potential for a single highly permeant ion species is controlled by the concentration gradient. - True