Summary Notes on materials and further mechanics

Included in these notes are the key definitions (e.g. Young's modulus, damping) as well as the equations and explanations for how the density is measured in different states(e.g. regular solid, irregular solid, liquid). Hooke's law and the limit of proportionality are also defined as well as the transfer between elastic potential and kinetic in a spring. An explanation of tensile stress and strain and the equation linking these to Young's Modulus is also given. The difference between a brittle and ductile material is also explained. The differences between angular velocity, linear velocity and angular displacement are all explained along with their relevant equations. Several problems/scenarios) involving centripetal acceleration are given (e.g. car going over a hill, Loop the Loop). The condition for a system to be in simple harmonic motion(SHM) is explained as well as the relevant equations and graphs to show how displacement velocity and acceleration vary with time are stated. Simple harmonic systems like a simple pendulum and a mass-spring system are explained in terms of their energy transfer and their equations are also given. The term damping and its different types(e.g. light, heavy, critical) are defined graphically as well as the conditions for resonance of an oscillating system.