Summary Notes on particles and photoelectric effect

Included in these notes are a summary of protons neutrons and electrons and a definition for the specific charge of a particle. There is also an explanation for how the different forces in the nucleus ensure that it remains stable and how if these forces were affected the nucleus may become unstable which leads to decay (alpha, beta, and gamma are all explained). There is also a detailed description of how light can exist in small packets known as photons. The difference between a particle and an anti-particle is explained as well as what would happen if they collided. There are also several Feynman diagrams drawn for interactions between particles and their exchange forces. In addition, there is an explanation of how different particles are sorted into specific groups(e.g. leptons, baryons). Quarks and anti-quarks are also described as well as the several conservation rules for particle interactions(e.g. charge, lepton number, strangeness). There is also a detailed explanation behind the theory of the photoelectric effect and its equations. A description of its application inside a photocell is also described. Collisions between electrons and atoms inside a fluorescent tube are explained in great detail as well as the difference between line emission and absorption spectra. Finally, wave-particle duality is explored including that of electron diffraction and the de Broglie wavelength.