MLT (Medical Laboratory Technicians) ASCP Chemistry Practice Questions With Complete solutions /Guide Graded A+

MLT (Medical Laboratory Technicians) ASCP Chemistry Practice Questions With Complete solutions /Guide Graded A+ An automated method for measuring chloride which generates silver ions in the reaction is called: Select the Correct Answer. A. Coulometry B. Potentiometry C. Chromatography D. Polarography E. Densitometry (Accurate Ans: - A; Rationale: Coulometry operates on the principle of Faraday's law in which a silver anode releases silver ions (titration) at a constant rate when a constant potential is applied. The silver ions react with chloride in a fixed volume of solution to form silver chloride. The time it takes for the chloride in the unknown solution to react with the silver ions is proportional to the chloride activity in the sample. When evaluating a patient for a suspected Wilson's Disease diagnosis, low values of plasma ceruloplasmin would be expected along with: Choose the best answers: more than one answer applies A. Decreased urine copper B. Increased urine copper C. Normal urine copper D. Decreased serum copper E. Increased serum copper (Accurate Ans: - B&D; Rationale: Ceruloplasmin is the main copper transporting protein in the blood. Although there are other conditions (not listed) that can cause a low ceruloplasmin value (i.e., Menkes disease, overdose of Vitamin C, etc.), the best answers of those given for this question is increased urine copper and decreased serum copper. Ceruloplasmin is primarily ordered along with serum and/or urine copper tests to help diagnose Wilson disease, an inherited disorder associated with decreased levels of ceruloplasmin and excess storage of copper in the liver, brain, and other organs. Though there is an increased level of deposited copper throughout the body, the serum copper levels are paradoxically low with a characteristic increase in urine copper levels that aid in this diagnosis. A serum sample is received in the clinical chemistry department of the laboratory. The first time the sample is assayed, the result is 600 mg/dL. To verify this result (following this hospital's policy), the tech makes 2 mL of a 1:2 dilution of the original sample. If only 1 mL of this sample is analyzed, what would the result be? Assume that the original 600 mg/dL value was accurate and that the instrument did not automatically perform a dilution calculation. Select the Correct Answer. A. 100 mg/dL B. 300 mg/dL C. 600 mg/dL D. 1100 mg/dL E. Not enough information given (Accurate Ans: - B; Rationale: The correct response is option B: 300 mg/dL. A 1:2 dilution of a sample that originally contained 600 mg for every one deciliter would now contain only 300 mg for every deciliter. In other words, it is 1/2 as concentrated as the original sample. The volume of that sample that is then analyzed has no bearing on the concentration read by the instrument. One could assay 10 microliters or the full 2 ml from the problem and the concentration would remain 300 mg/dl. Concentration is independent of the volume assayed. A; There is a broad based increase in the gamma band, corresponding to polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, as seen in chronic inflammation as well as an increase in the alpha-1 and alpha-2 regions. (Accurate Ans: - This serum protein electrophoresis scan most likely represents which condition? Select the Correct Answer. A. Chronic inflammation B. Myocardial infarction C. Liver disease D. Monoclonal gammopathy A 56 year old female was taken to the emergency room in a coma by her employer's nurse. She had lost 35 pounds in 3 months; she was always thirsty; drinking a lot of water and running to the bathroom. The following are her laboratory results: Results: (indicates reference range) pH: 7.11 (7.35-7.45) pCO2: 21 mm Hg (35-45 mm Hg) Glucose: 950 mg/dL (60-110 mg/dL) Serum osmolality: 365 mOsm/Kg (275-295 mOsm/Kg) Urine ketone: strongly positive (negative) Urine glucose: strongly positive (negative) What is the MOST likely cause of this patient's symptoms? Select the Correct Answer. A. gestational diabetes B. diabetes insipidus C. insulin dependent diabetes mellitus D. type II diabetes mellitus (Accurate Ans: - A; Rationale: Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is associated with a lack of insulin, which leads to increased blood and urine glucose. The classical symptoms of polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (increased thirst), polyphagia (increased hunger), and weight loss. Since this patient had not been diagnosed and appears to be poorly controlled, she developed hyperosmotic non-ketotic coma (HONK) which lead to her acidosis and elevated osmolality. The ketones and glucose in the urine indicate that the body is not able to use the glucose present, since there is a lack of insulin, and that the body is using fat for its source of energy instead.