NR 546 reproductive final exam questions and Answers

NR 546 reproductive final exam questions and Answers examination (BSE) on any regular basis. She has nofamily history of breast cancer, and her prior mammogram was ordered as a routine screening test atage 43 years after a brief discussion with her primary care provider. After a thorough investigationreveals a benign cyst, what advice should be given to this patient about screening for breast cancer inher age group? - Answer-This patient was in compliance with the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)recommendations for her age group and risk factors prior to her current complaint A 42-year-old female website developer presents for an annual preventive examination withquestions about breast cancer screening. She is concerned about the radiation exposure associated withmammography and is interested in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a possible alternative forroutine screening. She is otherwise healthy with no family history of breast, ovarian, or colon cancer.Which of the following is true about MRI as a screening modality for breast cancer in the generalpopulation? - Answer-Sensitivity of screening for breast cancer increases with breast MRI at the expense of specificity. A 35-year-old G0P0 woman presents to clinic with a complaint of bilateral nipple discharge. Thisdischarge started several weeks ago and has occurred at irregular intervals since that time. She does notcomplain of local tenderness, redness, fever, or any other systemic symptoms aside from slightlyirregular periods over the last few months. On examination, she is able to express a small amount ofdischarge, which is sent to the laboratory and found to be consistent with breast milk but without anysigns of blood or pus. Screening laboratories are also sent, which reveal a normal blood count, metabolicpanel, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) level. Furtherlaboratories are still pending. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? - Answer-Prolactinoma A 22-year-old G0P0 undergraduate student presents to clinic after finding a breast mass on breastself-examination (BSE) at home. The mass is nontender without skin changes, erythema, or overlyingswelling. She has heard that most breast cancers are found by patients themselves, and she is veryconcerned that she may have breast cancer. Which of the following is true about BSE and self-detectionof breast cancer - Answer-This patient is more likely to find a fibroadenoma than a cancer on self-examination A 48-year-old female psychologist presents to clinic with concerns about her breast cancer risk afteran age-matched cousin was recently diagnosed with this disease. This cousin is the third family memberon her father's side in as many years to be diagnosed with breast cancer, including the patient's ownfather, who had surgery and subsequent treatment 3 years ago for breast cancer. The patient has littleother knowledge of her family history, only that her grandparents independently arrived from EasternEurope near the end of World War II and were among very few members of their family that survivedthe war. The patient has read about testing for the breast cancer genes (BRCA1 and BRCA2) and desiresfurther information about whether this would be appropriate for her. Which of the following is trueabout this patient's indications for BRCA testing? - Answer-This patient carries several risk factors that together justify BRCA testing A 68-year-old former paleontologist presents to clinic with concerns about her breast cancer risk. Her mother developed the disease in her 50s and died from it in her 60s. A younger cousin developed the disease a few years ago before the age of 50 years, but this individual was not tested for the BRCA1 andBRCA2 genes. In addition, the patient suffered from lymphoma in her 20s and had radiation to the chest.She did take hormone replacement therapy for a few years before data emerged that this may contribute to breast cancer risk. She has had several abnormal mammograms in her 50s for persistently dense breasts with subtle findings, but follow-up biopsies never showed any malignant pathology.Which of the following is true regarding magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) screening of this patient - Answer-Regardless of recommendations, the high sensitivity of breast MRI comes at the expense of markedly decreased specificity (i.e., the ability to rule out disease in healthy breasts)