UNE Biochemistry Midterm Study Bank Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers

UNE Biochemistry Midterm Study Bank Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers Succinate is a substrate for which complex in the electron transport chain? a.) Complex 1 (NADH-1 oxidoreductase) b.) Complex IV (Cyt c oxidase) c.) Complex V (ATP synthase) d.) complex II (Succinate-Q reductase) - answerComplex II (succinate-Q reductase) (D) Which of the following would be consistent with an exergonic reaction? a.) ∆S would be negative b.) ∆G would be negative c.) ∆S would be positive d.)∆G would be positive - answer∆G would be negative (B) Which of the following describes the malate-aspartate shuttle system? a.) Carries NADH from the cytoplasm directly into the mitochondria b.) Generates 2.5 molecules of ATP in mitochondria per each NADH from glycolysis c.) Moves NADH from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm d.) Relies on malate dehydrogenase in the inner mitochondrial membrane e.) Requires reduction of pyruvate to lactate for oxidizing NADH - answerGenerates 2.5 molecules of ATP in mitochondria per each NADH from glycolysis (B) ATP is a high energy molecule that is often hydrolyzed during reactions. The energy within ATP is stored primarily in which of the following components of the molecule? a.) In the high energy phosphate bonds b.) In the adenine base c.) In the D-ribose group - answerIn the high energy phosphate bonds (A) Dinitrophenol is an uncoupler of the electron transport chain. The addition of dinitrophenol will have which of the following impacts? a.) Decrease the pH of the intermembrane space b.) Increase oxygen consumption c.) Decrease oxidation of NADH d.) Increase ATP production - answerIncrease oxygen consumption (B) In the malate aspartate shuttle, glutamate is converted to _______ in the mitochondria while aspartate is converted to _______ in the cytosol. a.) Oxaloacetate; malate b.) alpha-ketoglutarate; oxaloacetate c.) Oxaloacetate; glutamate d.) Aspartate; alpha-ketoglutarate e.) Malate; oxaloacetate - answeralpha-ketoglutarate; oxaloacetate (B) The glycerophosphate shuttle is a major shuttle of most tissues. Which of the following best describes the transfer of electrons by this shuttle? a.) Electrons are directly transferred from glycerol-3-phosphate to NAD containing glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase b.) Electrons are directly transferred from glycerol-3-phosphate to an FAD containing glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase c.) Electrons are directly transferred from DHAP (dihydroxyacetone phosphate) to an FAD containing glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase d.) Electrons are directly transferred from glycerol-3-phosphate and DHAP - answerElectrons are directly transferred from glycerol-3-phosphate to FAD containing glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (B) Heat can be generated by brown adipose tissue in hibernating mammals. Which of the following is most likely the mechanism by which this occurs? a.) Increased ATP production by ATP synthase b.) Expression of a protein that uncouples the ETC c.) An increased pH gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane d.) A decrease in oxygen consumption - answerExpression of a protein that uncouples the ETC (B) Allosteric activators of hemoglobin will increase binding through what mechanism? - answerBinding the protein, and keeping it in the "R" conformation An enzyme has a mutation within the substate binding site that reduces the binding of the coenzyme needed for covalent catalysis. What is likely to result as a consequence of this mutation? - answerThe enzyme will not be able to form the transition state complex How do most enzymes reduce activation energy needed to move a reaction forward? - answerProviding an active site most complimentary to the transition state Under which energy conditions, AMP will bind to phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1) and glycogen phosphorylase at site unique of the active site. This enhances the activity of these enzymes. This is an example of which