PC707 Module 2 Antibiotics Exam with 100% Verified and Updated Solutions

PC707 Module 2 Antibiotics Exam with 100% Verified and Updated Solutions Contributing factors to abx resistance - answerAntibacterial soaps, abx prescribed for viral illness, incorrect dose, wrong duration, low compliance, use of abx used by humans also used in animals How to minimize abx resistance - answerPrescribe the right medicine appropriately, right dose, right duration, know anti-infectives to target harmful bacteria, use clinical resources Antibiogram - answerLocal antibiotic resistance listed by drug names, organisms, and % resistance Type I allergy - answerIgE mediated, immediate hypersensitivity; affects cardio and respiratory systems Type II allergy - answerAntibody dependent cytotoxicity Type III allergy - answerImmune complex hypersensitivity Type IV allergy - answerCell-mediated or delayed hypersensitivity Pseudo allergy - answerProbably mast cell degranulation by a non-IgE mediated mechanism Cross reactivity - answerIf a patient has a drug allergy with a specific chemical structure they will be allergic to a different drug that has the same structure. Ex: PCN + cephalosporins Signs and symptoms of sulfanomide allergic reaction - answerRash, fever, early 1-3 days > Stop drug Narrow spectrum - answerAntimicrobial that acts against a single or limited group of microorganisms Extended spectrum - answerAgents that are effective again Gram+ organisms and a significant number of Gram- organisms. Ex: ampicillin Broad spectrum - answerAntimicrobials that are effective against a wide variety of microbial species. Ex: tetracycline Bacteriostatic - answerArrests the growth or inhibits replication but does not kill the organism. Depends on the host immune system for eradication of the organism. Bacteriocidal - answerThe drug kills the organism Selecting antibiotic therapy - answerFirst consider the infecting organism, sensitivity of organism to microbial agents, site of infection, status of host defenses, pharmacokinetics, renal and liver function, clinical evaluation of abx's effectivness Gram positive microbes - answerStaph, strep, enterococci (above umbilicus) Gram negative microbes - answerEverything else (below umbilicus) Abx therapy for unknown pathogen - answerDiagnose, obtain specimens for lab, formulate microbiologic dx, determine need for therapy, choose abx, consider safety of abx and cost Symptom when amoxicillan is given to a patient with mononucleosis - answerRash Name a drug-drug interacton for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Ex. lovastatin, simvastatin - answerDo not use with larithromycin Name a drug-drug interacton for clarithromycin - answerDo not use with calcium channel blockers Drug-drug interactions for warfarin - answerTMP-SMX, erythromycin, fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole, metronidaz