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MGZ Q1 Samenvatting

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March 4, 2024
Number of pages
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Written in
2023/2024
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MGZ SAMENVATTING
Q1 – VERWONDERING

pH pCO2 Plasma HCO3- Oorzaak
Respiratoire acidose ↓ ↑ Normaal/↑ Hypoventilatie
Metabole acidose ↓ Normaal/↓ ↓ Ketoacidose DM, nierfalen
Respiratoire ↑ ↓ Normaal/↓ Hypoxemie, hoogte, stimulatie
alkalose ademcentra, hyperventilatie
Metabole alkalose ↑ Normaal/↑ ↑ Diuretica, braken

DM1: insulineproducerende cellen kapot, vroeg ontdekt (immuunsysteem), niet genetisch, ketoacidose
→ Medicatie: insuline
DM2: insulineresistentie, overgewicht/leeftijd, genetisch, ouderdomsdiabetes
→ Medicatie: metformine, gliclazide
 Microvasculaire complicaties diabetes: ogen/retinopathie (fundusonderzoek),
nieren/nefropathie (albumine meten), zenuwen/neuropathie (voeten)
MODY: autosomaal dominant (erfelijk)

Hyperglycaemie: glucose ↑, dorst, plassen, moe, ketoacidose
Hypoglycaemie: glucose ↓, duizelig, honger, beven, zweten, slecht zien

Tunica intima: binnenkant bloedvat, lamina elastica interna
(grens intima – media) → niet bij venen
Tunica media: midden
Tunica adventitia: buitenkant

Diuretica: zorgen voor klein veneus bloedvolume
ACE-remmers: verlagen weerstand bloedvatenstelsel (blokkeren effect angiotensine II) → bloeddruk ↓

Cardiac output = HF x SV
Bloeddruk = HF x SV x R

Atherosclerose: LDL door endotheel → reageert met bindweefsel onder endotheel → monocyten →
macrofagen nemen LDL op (foamcell) → ontstekingsreactie → fatty streak

Receptoren:
- Ionkanalen: snel effect
- G-proteïne gekoppelde receptoren: veel medicijnen werken zo
- Kinase gekoppelde receptoren: eiwitfosforylering, duurt uren
- Nucleaire receptoren: effect komt later

Aδ-vezels: myelineschede (scherpe pijn) → mechanoreceptoren
C-vezels: geen myelineschede (zeurende pijn) → polimodale nociceptoren
Aβ-vezels: geleiding tast

Opioïden: remmen transport ruggenmerg + beïnvloed waarneming (analgentisch)
→ Obstipatie, misselijk, jeuk, bloeddruk ↓, verward
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