Advanced Pathophysiology Quiz 1-Nurs 6501 Walden University

A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance? - Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential? - Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive. A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the following? - Answer: XXY A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for? - Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide? - Answer: Expressivity In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding cholesterol? - Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to carry oxygen. A 15-year-old female is diagnosed with Prader-Willi syndrome. This condition is an example of: - Answer: Gene imprinting When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused by an _____ gene - Answer: Autosomal recessive How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes? - Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase) The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as: - Answer: Sodium The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in: - Answer: Reduced protein synthesis What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from diseases? - Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed to result from cell injury.