VTNE Prep #5 Questions and Answers 100% Solved 2024

VTNE Prep #5 Questions and Answers A 12-year old domestic short hair presents for difficulty defecating. This has become a chronic problem. You perform radiographs and the veterinarian diagnoses megacolon. The cat is de- obstipated and given IV fluids for the day. The cat is currently taking lactulose to help soften the stools. What other medication could be given to help the cat empty his colon? - Answer ️️ -- Cisapride is a pro-motility medication that can benefit cats with megacolon (Metoclopramide is also prokinetic, but acts mostly on the small intestine and not the colon) Which of the following medications blocks the chemoreceptor trigger zone to help reduce nausea and vomiting in small animals? - Answer ️️ --Metoclopramide (Reglan) -anti-emetic primarily used to treat nausea and vomiting in small animals -blocks the chemoreceptor trigger zone (The chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ or CRTZ) is part of the medulla that communicates with the vomiting center to initiate vomiting) A tablet may have enteric coating to serve what purpose? - Answer ️️ --to protect the medication from being destroyed by the acids of the stomach so that more of the active drug can make it and be absorbed in the small intestine You need to perform a CBC and take thoracic radiographs on a somewhat fractious cat. You sedate the cat with an intramuscular injection of medetomidine. While on the X-ray table, you become concerned that the cat is not doing well, and the veterinarian asks you to reverse the effects of medetomidine (Dormitor). What should you give the cat? - Answer ️️ --Atipamezole (Antisedan): alpha-2 antagonist What is Naloxone used to reverse? - Answer ️️ --opioids What is Flumazenil used to reverse? - Answer ️️ --Benzodiazepines What drug would most likely cause a nephrotoxicity? - Answer ️️ --Gentamicin -Aminoglycosides, such as gentamicin, are known for their potential toxic effects to the kidneys (nephrotoxicity) and ear (ototoxicity). In some cases, these drugs may cause tubular necrosis of the proximal renal tubular cells, so caution and monitoring are important. A client calls and would like her dog's phenobarbital refilled. He is currently getting 1/4 grain every 12 hours. How many milligrams is in 1/4 grain? - Answer ️️ --1 grain is equal to 64.8 mg. Therefore, 1/4 of 64.8 mg is equal to 16.2 mg. (Phenobarbital is commonly dispensed in "grains") What should be monitored if a patient is being started on a sulfa drug? - Answer ️️ --tear production Activated charcoal would be used for what? - Answer ️️ --snail bait ingestion -black liquid administered orally to prevent absorption of toxins through the GI tract -often used after induction of emesis or after gastric lavage is performed Which chemotherapeutic agent has been associated with cardiotoxicity? - Answer ️️ -- Doxorubicin Which chemotherapeutic agent has been associated with cystitis? - Answer ️️ -- Cyclophosphamide Which chemotherapeutic agent has been associated with anaphylaxis? - Answer ️️ --L- asparaginase Which chemotherapeutic agent has been associated with pancreatitis? - Answer ️️ --Lomustine Phenylpropanolamine (Proin) is used to treat urinary incontinence in dogs. It can commonly cause which side effect that should be discussed with the owner? - Answer ️️ --can cause a high blood pressure (hypertension) -if this occurs with the drug, a different treatment should be considered What does a beta-2 adrenergic agonist cause? - Answer ️️ --Bronchodilation -often used in treating cases of "asthma" or other conditions that require bronchodilation as tx (ex. terbutaline and albuterol) A drug that is a cholinergic agent will have which of the following effects? - Answer ️️ --slow the heart rate (common drug: bethanechol) Patients that have received prednisone chronically need to be tapered off slowly to avoid which of the following? - Answer ️️ --signs of hypoadrenocorticism -Chronic prednisone administration can lead to atrophy of the adrenal gland due to the absence of signaling to produce cortisol. If prednisone is suddenly stopped, the adrenal gland will not be capable of producing enough cortisol, and the animal may show signs of hypoadrenocorticism (Addison's diseas