PC 707 Module 10 Spring 2024 with 100% Verified and Updated Solutions

PC 707 Module 10 Spring 2024 with 100% Verified and Updated Solutions What is the first line oral diabetic medicaiton? - Answer ️️ -Biguanides (Metformin) What is the MOA of Biguanides? - Answer ️️ -Increases insulin action by suppressing glucose output from the liver, enhancing receptor sensitivity to insulin in muscle and fat, reduces glucose absorption in the gut What are the potential side effects of Biguanides? - Answer ️️ -Metallic taste in mouth, mild anorexia, nausea, abd discomfort, diarrhea What are the adverse effects of Biduanides? - Answer ️️ -Lactic acidosis What are the potential drug to drug interactions of Biduanides? - Answer ️️ -Cimetidine (increased metformin blood levels); Sulfonylurea or insulin What are the contraindications of Biguanides? - Answer ️️ -Men with serum cr level 1.5 mg/dL or greater; women with serum Cr level of 1.4 mg/dL or greater What is the use of Biguanides in pregnancy? - Answer ️️ -Category B with growing evidence it is safe and effective during pregnancy but consult OB or endocrinology prior to prescribing What is the use of Biguanides in lactation? - Answer ️️ -Excreted in breastmilk at same levels as plasma What is the use of Biguanides in children? - Answer ️️ -No studies conducted for use in children under 10 years What are specific monitoring parameters for Biguandies? - Answer ️️ -Renal function annually, monitor for lactic acidosis What is the MOA of Sulfonylureas? - Answer ️️ -Stimulating insulin secretion causing increased responsiveness of beta cells to both glucose and non-glucose secretagogues What are the potential side effects of Sulfonylureas? - Answer ️️ -Hypoglycemia; nausea, skin reactions, abnormal liver function tests, weight gain What are the adverse effects of Sulfonylureas? - Answer ️️ -SIADH What are the potential drug to drug interactions of Sulfonylureas? - Answer ️️ -alcohol What are the contraindications of Sulfonylureas? - Answer ️️ -hypersensitivitiy to the drug and cross sensitivity to thiazides What is the use of Sulfonylureas in pregnancy? - Answer ️️ -First generation contraindicated in pregnancy, second generation (Glyburide) have not been associated with fetal effects like first generation. Is associated with increased risk of fetal hyperinsulinemia and maternal hypoglycemia What is the use of Sulfonylureas in lactation? - Answer ️️ -contraindicated What is the use of Sulfonylureas in children? - Answer ️️ -Safety and efficacy not established What is the use of Sulfonylureas in the elderly? - Answer ️️ -Use shorter acting drugs What should be monitored with Sulfonylureas? - Answer ️️ -Hgb A1c What is the MOA of Thiazolidinediones? - Answer ️️ -Reverse insulin resistance by acting on muscle, fat, and to a lesser extent liver What are the potential side effects of Thiazolidinediones? - Answer ️️ -Weight gain, HTN, HF, myocardial ischemia What are the adverse effects of Thiazolidinediones? - Answer ️️ -Liver injury What are the potential drug to drug interactions of Thiazolidinediones? - Answer ️️ -oral contraceptives What are the contraindications of Thiazolidinediones? - Answer ️️ -ALT greater than 2.5 times the upper normal limit What is the use of Thiazolidinediones in pregnancy? - Answer ️️ -Category C, benefit must outweigh the risks What is the use of Thiazolidinediones in lactation? - Answer ️️ -Lack of sufficient evidence What is the use of Thiazolidinediones in children? - Answer ️️ -Lack of safety and efficacy studies