NVCC BIO 101 Exam 2 Questions With Verified Solutions

NVCC BIO 101 Exam 2 Questions With Verified Solutions What are the two major types of cells in existence (based on the presence of membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus)? Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic What is a membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelle where the proteins and lipids made in the ER are modified and stored? Golgi Apparatus Why are our cells so small? Allows our cells to compose faster and replace and to maximize ratio of their surface area to volume What features are common to all cells? Genes Ribonucleic acid Genetic Code ATP T/F: Ultimately, genetic code is responsible for producing proteins. True Around how many cells do we have in our body? About 37.2 Trillion The fluid mosaic model describes the structure of the plasma membrane as a mosaic of components. What structures comprise the mosaic? Phospholipids Cholesterol Proteins Carbohydrates T/F: Osmosis is a type of diffusion where salts move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. False What would happen to a red blood cell if it were exposed to a hypertonic environment? - Cell will lose water and undergo crenation - Plasmolysis What is Plasmolysis? the process in which cells lose water in a hypertonic solution What is osmosis? diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane T/F: Protein channels can use ATP to move molecules against their concentration gradient. False What are transport (carrier) proteins? - Proteins that transport substances across biological membranes - Use energy to transport energy against the transport gradient Which transport method relies primarily on pressure to move molecules through a selectively permeable membrane? Osmosis What is an aquaporin is an example of? Water channel transporting water through the cell membrane What is the primary energy currency used by all living organisms? ATP What is a substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction? Enzyme What is s nonprotein compound that is necessary for the functioning of an enzyme and that helps enzymes and substrates bond? Coenzyme Why is cellular respiration conducted in a controlled and stepwise fashion? If generate too quickly cells will be damaged or even explode What is the main purpose of glycolysis